激光扫描路径对直接金属激光烧结温度场的影响

利用有限元分析软件AN SY S,对激光烧结温度场进行了数值模拟,建立了激光烧结薄板的温度模型;运用APDL语言控制热源的热流密度、移动速度以及扫描轨迹;研究了激光行程对烧结温度场的影响,扫描端点温度场的不对称及较大的温度梯度造成了端点球化现象;激光扫描线间的耦合作用使端点球化现象随扫描线的增加而逐渐显著。根据该程序得出的模拟结果和实验结果基本一致。     

Effect of scavenge port angles on flow distribution and performance of swirl-loop scavenging in 2-stroke aircraft diesel engine

Swirl-Loop Scavenging (SLS) improves the performance of 2-stroke aircraft diesel engine because the involved swirl may not only benefit the scavenging process, but also facilitate the fuel atomization and combustion. The arrangement of scavenge port angles greatly influences in-cylinder flow distribution and swirl intensity, as well as the performance of the SLS engine. However, the mechanism of the effect and visualization experiment are rarely mentioned in the literature. To further investigate the SLS, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) experiment and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation are adopted to obtain its swirl distribution characteristics, and the effect of port angles on scavenging performance is discussed based on engine fired cycle simulation. The results illustrate that Reynolds Stress Turbulence model is accurate enough for in-cylinder flow simulation. Tangential and axial velocity distribution of the flow, as well as the scavenging performance, are mainly determined by geometric scavenge port angles α_geom and β_geom. For reinforcement of scavenging on cross-sections and meridian planes, α_geom value of 27° and β_geom value of 60° are preferred, under which the scavenging efficiency reaches as high as 73.7%. Excessive swirl intensity has a negative effect on SLS performance, which should be controlled to a proper extent.     

Rethinking public–private space travel

On May 24, 2012 SpaceX's Dragon capsule was launched and in doing so became the first commercially built vehicle to berth with and carry cargo to the International Space Station (ISS). It successfully completed its mission and returned to the Pacific Ocean on May 31, 2012.¹ The docking of Dragon represented a historic moment where a commercial enterprise managed to achieve that which had previously only been accomplished by governments. “In the history of spaceflight – only four entities have launched a space capsule into orbit and successfully brought it back to Earth: the United States, Russia, China, and SpaceX”.² While this is a monumental accomplishment for private industry, we cannot ignore the value of public–private partnerships and the role that government played in enabling this incredible achievement.In this paper I will examine how public–private partnerships are enabling the development of the commercial space industry, viewed through the lens of the Rethinking Business Institutional Hybrid Framework put forward by University of Oxford professors Marc Ventresca and Alex Nichols in their Rethinking Business MBA course. I intend to demonstrate that the NASA versus Commercial Space argument is a false dichotomy and that only by working together can both sectors continue to push the boundaries of space travel and exploration. I plan to do this by first discussing how the NASA-SpaceX partnership came about and the reasoning behind it. I will then explore what a public–private partnership (PPP) is, as compared to other government privatization schemes, and explain why Space Act Agreements are significantly different from anything done previously. I will then analyze the impact of these agreements and outline their benefits in order to demonstrate the value they create, especially in areas of mutual value creation and economic development.     

Characteristics of the soil-like substrates produced with a novel technique combining aerobic fermentation and earthworm treatment

The soil-like substrate (SLS) technique is key for improving the closure of bioregenerative life support system (BLSS) by recycling the inedible biomass of higher plants. In this study, a novel SLS technique (NSLST) was proposed: aerobic fermentations at 35 °C for 1 day, then 60 °C for 6 days, finally 30 °C for 3 days, followed by earthworm treatment for 70 days. Comparing with the original SLS technique (OSLST), its process cycle was 13 days shorter, and the dry weight loss rate (81.1%) was improved by 24.77%. The cellulose and lignin degradation rates were 96.6% and 94.6%. The concentrations of available N, P and K in mature SLS were respectively 776.1 mg/L, 348.0 mg/L and 7943.0 mg/L. Low CH₄ and NH₃ production was observed, but no accumulation. According to the seed germination test, the SLSs were feasible for plant growth. This investigation will provide a preliminary foundation for BLSS design.     

间接SLS制造金属零件初坯尺寸精度研究

本文选取还原铁粉与环氧树脂的混和粉粉末作为间接SLS成型材料,采用正交试验的方法研究了间接SLS成型金属零件初坯的尺寸精度,并探讨了影响尺寸精度因素。结果表明:粘结剂体积随温度变化特性和其随激光能量密度变化分解程度是引起初坯尺寸变化的最主要因素;激光扫描间距的选取也会影响初坯X,Y方向的精度;当切片层厚为0.12 mm,扫描间距为0.13,扫描速度为1 900-1 950 mm/s,激光功率为12 W时,初坯的尺寸维持较好。     

基于选择性激光烧结的结构电路一体化技术研究

为了实现结构电路一体化部件的快速制造,本文提出将增材制造技术与结构电路一体化技术相结合。传统结构电路一体化工艺基于注塑成形技术,成本高、周期长,难以实现快速制造与迭代设计。本文提出基于选择性激光烧结(Selective laser sintering,SLS)技术,开展结构电路一体化的制造工艺研究,该技术具有成型速度快、精度高等特点。尝试以激光烧结方式实现成形,随后进行激光活化和化学镀。试验结果表明可以在成形件表面快速制造出具有优良导电性能的镀铜区域。     

激光烧结快速成形试样强度的研究

研究了激光烧结快速成形试样密度与其静态强度的关系，烧结粉末中粘结剂含量、激光功率、激光束的扫描速度、扫描间隔以及扫描路径对试样弯曲强度的影响，分析了烧结过程中产生翘曲变形的原因，并通过三点弯曲实验测试了烧结试样的抗弯强度。