轨控大干扰下的系统角动量管理

摘要： 针对利用角动量交换装置系统实现轨控期间姿态维持的情况，研究当轨控推力器存在大力矩扰动时系统角动量管理方法.结合对地运行航天器轨道运动特性，分析轨控干扰力矩的积累角动量变化规律；考虑角动量管理装置系统的角动量存贮容量，基于角动量积累规律提出了一种结合偏置角动量建立与对称分布轨控位置选择的系统角动量管理方法，实现了对称轨控位置积累角动量互相抵消的自平衡效果，极大程度地提高轨控效率且避免系统角动量饱和现象.所提出的方法适用于喷气欠驱动控制系统，方法的有效性通过了数学仿真验证及在轨型号应用.     

An improved numerical method for constructing Halo/Lissajous orbits in a full solar system model

An improved numerical method that can construct Halo/Lissajous orbits in the vicinity of collinear libration points in a full solar system model is investigated. A full solar system gravitational model in the geocentric rotating coordinate system with a clear presentation of the angular velocity relative to the inertial coordinate system is proposed. An alternative way to determine patch points in the multiple shooting method is provided based on a dynamical analysis with Poincare′sections. By employing the new patch points and sequential quadratic programming, Halo orbits for L_1, L_2, and L_3 points as well as Lissajous orbits for L_1 and L_2 points in the EarthMoon system are generated with the proposed full solar system gravitational model to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Aiming at a 1-cm Orbit for Low Earth Orbiters: Reduced-Dynamic and Kinematic Precise Orbit Determination

The computation of high-accuracy orbits is a prerequisite for the success of Low Earth Orbiter (LEO) missions such as CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE. The mission objectives of these satellites cannot be reached without computing orbits with an accuracy at the few cm level. Such a level of accuracy might be achieved with the techniques of reduced-dynamic and kinematic precise orbit determination (POD) assuming continuous Satellite-to-Satellite Tracking (SST) by the Global Positioning System (GPS). Both techniques have reached a high level of maturity and have been successfully applied to missions in the past, for example to TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P), leading to (sub-)decimeter orbit accuracy. New LEO gravity missions are (to be) equipped with advanced GPS receivers promising to provide very high quality SST observations thereby opening the possibility for computing cm-level accuracy orbits. The computation of orbits at this accuracy level does not only require high-quality GPS receivers, but also advanced and demanding observation preprocessing and correction algorithms. Moreover, sophisticated parameter estimation schemes need to be adapted and extended to allow the computation of such orbits. Finally, reliable methods need to be employed for assessing the orbit quality and providing feedback to the different processing steps in the orbit computation process. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

水平冲量作用下共面椭圆轨道上航天器的交会

本文研究了在三次水平冲量作用下,一般共面椭圆轨道上两个航天器的固定时间交会问题。推导了完成交会的必要条件,给出了三次水平冲量的大小及其作用时刻的计算方法。     

基于在轨热环境的可展开天线反射面精度调整技术

随着宇航事业的发展,网状展开天线的尺寸越来越大,对形面精度要求越来越高(特别是高频段),在轨热环境与地面调整点的热环境差别大,必须采用基于在轨热环境的网面精度调整技术以满足反射面的精度要求。就在轨热环境下的辅助牵引面式网面精度调整技术的理论分析及调整方法进行了探讨,给出了计及在轨热环境的网面形状精度调整的基本理论公式及调整步骤,并对某样机进行了调整计算。计算结果表明,文中的分析、公式、方法是正确的,可行的。     

中低轨道卫星星座间的激光链路

阐述在中低轨道卫星星座全球通讯网络中应用的激光星间链路与在中继星间应用的激光星间链路相比，所具有的明显的优势。同时给出了应用于小卫星上的小光学用户终端的基本组成，并指出了当前在中低轨道卫星星座激光星间链路研究中所应当进行的主要研究方面。     

基于星光大气折射的卫星自主轨道确定

本文研究了利用星敏感器进行卫星轨道确定的自主导航方案。这种自主导航方案完全利用高精度的CCD星敏感器，以及大气对星光折射的数学模型及误差补偿方法，精确敏感地平，从而实现航天器的精确定位。以某太阳同步轨道卫星为背景，针对本文给出的星光折射光的卫星导航方案，结合推广的卡尔曼滤波算法，使用模拟数据进行了仿真研究，定位精度为38m。仿真结果说明，星光折射角的测量误差和大气折射模型的不确定性是影响导航精度的主要因素。     

星光折射航天器自主定轨方案比较

当星光透射大气发生折射时 ,用星光折射角精确地反映星光在大气中离地球表面的高度 ,并建立高度、航天器与地球的几何关系。通过对折射角进行观测 ,间接测得地平 ,从而改善了用地平仪直接测地平所造成的航天器自主导航精度低的不足。本文提出了几种利用星光折射的航天器自主定轨方案 ,并作了细致的仿真实验 ,对直接和间接两种测量地平方法以及几种星光折射自主定轨方案进行了分析比较。     

主从式卫星编队相对轨道的自主确定

为实现主从式卫星编队飞行中心星与环绕星的自主定轨，采用微波雷达测量卫星间相对距离、距离速率、方位角和仰角。根据动力学方程给出了导航算法，并利用扩展卡尔曼滤波（EKF）提高微波雷达相对速度的测量精度。仿真结果表明，该导航算法对主从式卫星编队较有效，且能获得较佳的导航精度。     

GPS卫星轨道摄动分析

对影响ＧＰＳ卫星轨道的主要摄动量，即地球势函数Ｊ２项对ＧＰＳ卫星轨道的影响作出了定量分析，为我国建立自己的局部测控网获取精密星历提供依据。