Astrophysics in 2006

The fastest pulsar and the slowest nova; the oldest galaxies and the youngest stars; the weirdest life forms and the commonest dwarfs; the highest energy particles and the lowest energy photons. These were some of the extremes of Astrophysics 2006. We attempt also to bring you updates on things of which there is currently only one (habitable planets, the Sun, and the Universe) and others of which there are always many, like meteors and molecules, black holes and binaries.     

反射面的轴向电磁散射及外形优化

本文联合运用几何光学和等效电磁流法,导出了金属反射面轴向散射场和雷达截面(RCS)的简洁表达式,研究了从旋转二次曲面(凹面或凸面)中寻找具有最低RCS值的曲面形状优化方法,给出了一个典型实例的单站RCS立体分布图,以及最低RCS值所对应的波谷曲线和最佳表面参数。     

绝对值检波狄克辐射计的指标测量与成像实验

对所研制的 8mm非平衡绝对值检波狄克辐射计的主要技术参数进行了实验测量 ,并利用改进后的成像系统进行了目标辐射特性成像实验。结果表明 ,该辐射计工作状况稳定可靠 ,成像系统的图像质量得到了明显的改善     

飞行器振动智能分析与诊断

本文通过综合多个领域知识，引进功能特征描述概念，运用证据理论，提出了对飞行器等复杂系统进行分析诊断的一个新方法并初步完成了专家系统原型，通过具体实例，再现了故障现象     

黑板框架的知识表达方法

本文介绍了黑板框架知识表达方法的设计思想和技术。黑板框架是由框架、知识源和黑板模型组成,是产生式规则、谓词、框架等多种知识表达功能的组合形式,它将知识表达和知识处理结合成一体,既能表达静态的知识,又能表达动态的知识;既能方便地表达断言性知识,又能自然地表达结构性知识。表达功能强、灵活性大;方便知识调度,加快推理速度,提高推理效率;方便知识获取并有利于机器学习。 黑板框架是一种能表达特定领域复杂知识结构的良好的方法,具有表达充分、推理充分、推理效率和获取效率高的特点。 文中还对目前各种知识表达方法进行了评价,对黑板模型、知识源、黑板框架的概念进行了描述,并对黑板框架给出了严格的BNF定义。 黑板框架的知识表达方法,已在医学专家系统开发工具BFBEST中获得了成功的应用,并取得满意的效果。     

雷达与ESM相关算法综述

在比较雷达和ＥＳＭ（ＥｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｉｃＳｕｐｐｏｒｔＭｅａｓｕｒｅｍｅｎｔｓ）这两种传感器特点的基础上，分析了雷达与ＥＳＭ相关的特点，介绍了统计方法、模糊方法和优化方法等五种雷达与ＥＳＨ相关算法，并对这些算法进行了评述。     

航天雷达高度表

介绍几种航天雷达高度表，其中包括弹载雷达高度表、“土星”雷达高度表和“天空实验室”雷达高度表，最后介绍一种卫星雷达高度表的设计方法。     

国外航天侦察相机和测绘相机发展概况

航天侦察和测绘是战略武装必不可少的组成部分,航天侦察和测绘相机是对地观测卫星的有效载荷。 该文将简要介绍国外航天侦察和测绘相机发展概况、水平和发展趋势。     

The development of a Russian communication satellite of small class, operating in the geostationary and high-elliptical orbits

In 1994-1995 Lavochkin Association (Russia) together with the other enterprises in accordance with technical requirements of the Russian Space agency, developed a new Russian communication satellite of a small class that will operate in both the geostationary (GSO) and high-elliptical (HEO) orbits. This satellite may be injected into operational orbits using a SOYUZ-2 launch vehicle (LV) and a FREGAT upper stage (US) from Plesetsk and Baykonur space launch sites (SLS).The main reason for creating such a satellite was to decrease the cost of the support and development of the Russian communication geostationary satellites group.Russian satellites Horizont, Express, Ekran and Gals, which operate in GSO, are the basis of the space segment for communications, radio and TV broadcasting. All of these satellites are injected into GSO by the PROTON LV. PROTON is a launch vehicle of a heavy class. The use of a middle class LV instead of a heavy class will allow to reduce considerably the launch cost. The change of a heavy class LV to a LV of middle class determined one economic reason for this project. Besides, the opportunity to launch S/C into GSO from Russian Plesetsk SLS increases the independence of Russia in the domain of space communications, despite the presence of the contract with Kazachstan about the rent of Baykonur SLS. Finally, use of small satellites with a rather small number of transponders is more effective than the use of big satellites. It will allow also to increase a satellite group (by the launch of additional satellites) precisely in accordance to the development of the ground segment.     

高分辨率星载合成孔径雷达成像处理方法

提出了一种适用于大距离徒动高分辨率星载合成孔径雷达 (SAR)精确成像的改进Chirp Scaling(CS)成像处理算法 ,以及实现单视图象斑点噪声抑制的基于目标检测的增强无偏最大后验概率 (TDRGMAP)方法。采用这种高精度成像处理方法和单视图像斑点噪声抑制方法 ,可以实现星载 SAR高空间分辨率和高辐射分辨率的雷达图像。