基于变结构控制减小扫描镜运动对卫星姿态的影响分析

基于解耦变结构控制对静止轨道气象卫星扫描镜运动对卫星姿态的影响进行了研究,根据星上有效载荷的扫描镜与星体耦合特性,设计了一种解耦变结构控制律,控制律直接对4个四元数设计滑动模态方程以避免奇异问题。数学仿真结果表明：该变结构控制率能减小扫描镜运动对卫星姿态的影响,提高卫星平台的稳定度,进而提高有效载荷的成像质量。     

Debris swarms seen by SMEI

The large 3° × 60° fields-of-view of the Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI) instruments are oriented on the stabilized Coriolis satellite to image most of the sky each Sun-synchronous orbit. Besides observing coronal mass ejections, the SMEI mission objective, SMEI also has detected a plethora of Earth-orbiting satellites (resident space objects or RSOs) brighter than ∼8th magnitude at a rate of about 1 per minute. Occasionally, SMEI sees an RSO swarm: a sudden onset of a large number of RSOs, many more than the nominal rate, upto dozens detected in a 4-s frame. These swarms usually last for a few minutes. A sample of six such RSO ensembles is analyzed in this paper in which the distance and the direction of the velocity vector for individual objects are estimated. We present the observational evidence indicating that the swarms must be near-field objects traveling in orbits near that of Coriolis, and that the relatively speeds between the objects and Coriolis are low. Further, analyses indicate that the RSOs are quite close (<20 m) and are generally moving radially away from the satellite. The predicted encounter geometries for Coriolis passing through or near a small debris cloud is, generally, quite inconsistent with the observations. The most likely explanation consistent with the observations is that SMEI is seeing debris being ejected from the Coriolis spacecraft itself. An analysis of distance and brightness for a subset of the RSOs indicates that the median diameter of the debris particles is ∼80 μm.     

中国星载干涉型超光谱成像仪

文章介绍了国内外干涉型超光谱成像仪发展的现状和我国第一台星载干涉型超光谱成像仪的指标、工程方案、标定方法、研制中存在的问题等,该超光谱成像仪装载在亚太多边合作项目“多任务小卫星”(SMMS)中,是我国首次发射此类型的遥感器。     

Comparison of calculation models for determination of the mesopause temperature using SATI images

The Spectral Airglow Temperature Imager is an instrument for ground-based spectroscopic measurements of the night-glow atmosphere emissions. This instrument was developed specially for gravity wave investigation. The measured airglow spectra are matched to synthetic spectra calculated in advance for determination of the temperature in the mesopause region where the radiation maximum of some О₂ emissions is situated. The synthetic spectra are transformed into a format which corresponds to the measured spectra in order to be matched. This transformation is based on the known values of the refractive index and the central wavelength of the interference filter used. A substantial part of the processing algorithms of the SATI images is connected with determination of these two filter parameters. The results of the original and newly-proposed algorithms for filter parameter calculation and their importance for the final results for temperature determination on the basis of the О₂ (864–868 nm) emission measurements are presented.     

基于Matlab的FY-4星载扫描辐射计午夜太阳入侵模拟

用Matlab软件建立了动态仿真模型,以分析太阳午夜入侵对风云四号(FY-4)地球静止气象卫星扫描辐射计的影响。给出了仿真算法的流程,介绍算法中太阳光线方向、受照面转换和主镜反射特性计算等难点,并说明为提高效率采用的近似简化和优化处理。计算结果与文献中GOES卫星的实测数据相近,表明该仿真模型可较准确地模拟午夜太阳入侵,所获数据准确。     

MICROWAVE SENSOR DEVELOPMENT IN RECENT TWO YEARS IN CHINA

The development of microwave sensors in recent two years in China are in troduced with an emphasis on spaceborne sensors without the applications in cluded. The microwave sensors as the main payloads to be boarded on the future operational satellites, such as FY-3 meteorological satellites and HY-2 marine satellite are introduced with much in detail. Besides these, four new sensors are outlined, i.e. the imaging radar altimeter,synthetic aperture radiometer, and polarimetric radiometer. Two recently conducted flight experiment campaigns are also introduced with results shown.     

环境减灾卫星高光谱数据在减灾中的应用研究

利用中国环境减灾-1A（HJ-1A）卫星高光谱数据开展减灾应用研究,可提高灾害预警监测能力,提高灾害预警监测精度,拓展国产星载高光谱数据应用的广度和深度。文章简要介绍了HJ-1A高光谱数据的主要特征,阐述了高光谱灾害监测的原理,初步开展了该数据在减灾领域中的应用研究,并展望了HJ-1A高光谱数据在区域土壤有机碳估算等其...     

The Mercury Dual Imaging System on the MESSENGER Spacecraft

The Mercury Dual Imaging System (MDIS) on the MESSENGER spacecraft will provide critical measurements tracing Mercury’s origin and evolution. MDIS consists of a monochrome narrow-angle camera (NAC) and a multispectral wide-angle camera (WAC). The NAC is a 1.5° field-of-view (FOV) off-axis reflector, coaligned with the WAC, a four-element refractor with a 10.5° FOV and 12-color filter wheel. The focal plane electronics of each camera are identical and use a 1,024×1,024 Atmel (Thomson) TH7888A charge-coupled device detector. Only one camera operates at a time, allowing them to share a common set of control electronics. The NAC and the WAC are mounted on a pivoting platform that provides a 90° field-of-regard, extending 40° sunward and 50° anti-sunward from the spacecraft +Z-axis—the boresight direction of most of MESSENGER’s instruments. Onboard data compression provides capabilities for pixel binning, remapping of 12-bit data into 8 bits, and lossless or lossy compression. MDIS will acquire four main data sets at Mercury during three flybys and the two-Mercury-solar-day nominal mission: a monochrome global image mosaic at near-zero emission angles and moderate incidence angles, a stereo-complement map at off-nadir geometry and near-identical lighting, multicolor images at low incidence angles, and targeted high-resolution images of key surface features. These data will be used to construct a global image base map, a digital terrain model, global maps of color properties, and mosaics of high-resolution image strips. Analysis of these data will provide information on Mercury’s impact history, tectonic processes, the composition and emplacement history of volcanic materials, and the thickness distribution and compositional variations of crustal materials. This paper summarizes MDIS’s science objectives and technical design, including the common payload design of the MDIS data processing units, as well as detailed results from ground and early flight calibrations and plans for Mercury image products to be generated from MDIS data.     

“环境-1号”A星高光谱成像仪飞行定标

文章针对高光谱成像仪（HSI）,详细介绍了HSI的飞行绝对辐射定标方法,分析了影响HSI飞行定标精度的各种因素。并利用2008年12月6日HSI过河北白洋淀时的同步观测数据验证了定标精度,结果表明绝对定标系数合理可靠。     

用于图像定位与配准的扫描辐射计扫描镜热变形模型研究

以某卫星扫描成像辐射计为研究对象,建立了扫描镜的热变形模型,并对模型进行了简化。模型应用结果表明,扫描镜镜面与扫描镜转轴需采用热特性接近的材料,通过增强仪器结构在Y向的刚度,能提高热变形模型的精度。用该模型获得的扫描镜热变形运动补偿(TMC)精度可满足卫星的使用要求。