预移相型恒温热线(膜)流速计的动态响应方程

分析传统恒温热线热膜流速计(简称 HWFA)动态方程后,提出了一种新型HWFA 线路模型——主电桥预移相模型,推导出真实条件下小扰动动态响应方程,并按此原理设计制造了崭新的高性能 IFV—900型 HWFA 样机。该机全部革除了传统HWFA 的三个调节参量,大大地简化了调节步骤;不自激振荡的范围明显增宽,极大地减少了使用上的麻烦;频带宽度比当今世界流行的 HWFA 增宽了2～5倍;加上一系列智能化功能后使自动化程度达到了新的高度。这一新型 HWFA 的问世将可能导至 HWFA技术的重大改进和新的变革。首先阐明主电桥预移相模型的提出和真实条件下小扰动动态响应方程的推导。随后将用若干姐妹篇阐明动态方程频率响应调节元物理值的解析解,频率特性实验分析手段的电扰动试验响应情况的理论分析等内容。     

低温热水分户计量采暖系统共用立管水力平衡分析

本文分析了重力作用压头对低温热水计量采暖系统共用立管形式的影响,通过运用基尔霍夫定律分析了下分异程式双管系统和下分同程式双管系统的水力平衡状况,得出了下分异程式双管系统更适用于低温热水采暖系统的结论,并确定了立管经济比摩阻的范围和下分异程式双管可以负担的楼层数。     

燃气推力矢量控制发动机内流场数值模拟

采用基于Favre平均的三维N-S方程,对燃气推力矢量控制发动机全内流场进行了数值仿真,研究了燃气引流、燃气二次喷射及与发动机内主流相互作用等复杂流动。研究结果表明,流场内包含复杂的涡系结构和波系结构,还存在着边界层与激波的相互干扰、自由剪切层、激波、膨胀波和大尺寸分离。通过数值模拟,对试验中的异常现象进行了定性分析,得出了与试验一致的结论。     

Magnetosphere Imaging Instrument (MIMI) on the Cassini Mission to Saturn/Titan

The magnetospheric imaging instrument (MIMI) is a neutral and charged particle detection system on the Cassini orbiter spacecraft designed to perform both global imaging and in-situ measurements to study the overall configuration and dynamics of Saturn’s magnetosphere and its interactions with the solar wind, Saturn’s atmosphere, Titan, and the icy satellites. The processes responsible for Saturn’s aurora will be investigated; a search will be performed for substorms at Saturn; and the origins of magnetospheric hot plasmas will be determined. Further, the Jovian magnetosphere and Io torus will be imaged during Jupiter flyby. The investigative approach is twofold. (1) Perform remote sensing of the magnetospheric energetic (E > 7 keV) ion plasmas by detecting and imaging charge-exchange neutrals, created when magnetospheric ions capture electrons from ambient neutral gas. Such escaping neutrals were detected by the Voyager l spacecraft outside Saturn’s magnetosphere and can be used like photons to form images of the emitting regions, as has been demonstrated at Earth. (2) Determine through in-situ measurements the 3-D particle distribution functions including ion composition and charge states (E > 3 keV/e). The combination of in-situ measurements with global images, together with analysis and interpretation techniques that include direct “forward modeling’’ and deconvolution by tomography, is expected to yield a global assessment of magnetospheric structure and dynamics, including (a) magnetospheric ring currents and hot plasma populations, (b) magnetic field distortions, (c) electric field configuration, (d) particle injection boundaries associated with magnetic storms and substorms, and (e) the connection of the magnetosphere to ionospheric altitudes. Titan and its torus will stand out in energetic neutral images throughout the Cassini orbit, and thus serve as a continuous remote probe of ion flux variations near 20R _S (e.g., magnetopause crossings and substorm plasma injections). The Titan exosphere and its cometary interaction with magnetospheric plasmas will be imaged in detail on each flyby. The three principal sensors of MIMI consists of an ion and neutral camera (INCA), a charge–energy–mass-spectrometer (CHEMS) essentially identical to our instrument flown on the ISTP/Geotail spacecraft, and the low energy magnetospheric measurements system (LEMMS), an advanced design of one of our sensors flown on the Galileo spacecraft. The INCA head is a large geometry factor (G ∼ 2.4 cm² sr) foil time-of-flight (TOF) camera that separately registers the incident direction of either energetic neutral atoms (ENA) or ion species (≥5^∘ full width half maximum) over the range 7 keV/nuc < E < 3 MeV/nuc. CHEMS uses electrostatic deflection, TOF, and energy measurement to determine ion energy, charge state, mass, and 3-D anisotropy in the range 3 ≤ E ≤ 220 keV/e with good (∼0.05 cm² sr) sensitivity. LEMMS is a two-ended telescope that measures ions in the range 0.03 ≤ E ≤ 18 MeV and electrons 0.015 ≤ E≤ 0.884 MeV in the forward direction (G ∼ 0.02 cm² sr), while high energy electrons (0.1–5 MeV) and ions (1.6–160 MeV) are measured from the back direction (G ∼ 0.4 cm² sr). The latter are relevant to inner magnetosphere studies of diffusion processes and satellite microsignatures as well as cosmic ray albedo neutron decay (CRAND). Our analyses of Voyager energetic neutral particle and Lyman-α measurements show that INCA will provide statistically significant global magnetospheric images from a distance of ∼60 R _S every 2–3 h (every ∼10 min from ∼20 R _S). Moreover, during Titan flybys, INCA will provide images of the interaction of the Titan exosphere with the Saturn magnetosphere every 1.5 min. Time resolution for charged particle measurements can be < 0.1 s, which is more than adequate for microsignature studies. Data obtained during Venus-2 flyby and Earth swingby in June and August 1999, respectively, and Jupiter flyby in December 2000 to January 2001 show that the instrument is performing well, has made important and heretofore unobtainable measurements in interplanetary space at Jupiter, and will likely obtain high-quality data throughout each orbit of the Cassini mission at Saturn. Sample data from each of the three sensors during the August 18 Earth swingby are shown, including the first ENA image of part of the ring current obtained by an instrument specifically designed for this purpose. Similarily, measurements in cis-Jovian space include the first detailed charge state determination of Iogenic ions and several ENA images of that planet’s magnetosphere.This revised version was published online in July 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

机械合金化＋热压制备Laves相NbCr2合金及其组织性能研究

采用机械合金化 热压工艺路线来制备化学配比成分的单相Laves相NbCr2合金.研究了Cr,Nb元素粉经20h球磨后在1200℃,1250℃和1300℃不同时间热压所获得的Laves相NbCr2合金的组织和性能.结果表明:1250℃×0.5h热压获得的Laves相NbCr2合金组织均匀,晶粒尺寸达到微/纳米级,致密度达到97.1%,室温断裂韧性高于5.07MPa·m1/2.与熔铸工艺制备的单相Laves相NbCr2合金的断裂韧性1.50MPa·m1/2相比,所制备的单相Laves相NbCr2合金的室温断裂韧性大大提高,充分实现了细晶韧化的效果.     

高温富油燃气作引导火焰的煤油超燃研究

对采用高温富油燃气作引导火焰的煤油超声速燃烧进行了研究。根据试验测得的壁面静压分布，采用一维简化模型处理与分析数据，得出了不同试验条件下的燃烧效率与总压恢复系数；对超声速燃烧室内的静压分布特点作出了分析；对超声速燃烧室人口处的气流总温，燃料喷射位置，以及燃烧总体当时比对燃烧室内静压分布、燃烧效率与总压恢复系数的影响进行了讨论。     

防护涂层对Ni_3Al基合金IC6AE微观组织和抗腐蚀性能的影响

采用料浆法和粉末包埋渗法在Ni3Al基等轴晶合金IC6AE上分别制备了Al-Si和NiCr-CrAl涂层,并对Al-Si和NiCr-CrAl涂层及不加涂层的IC6AE合金三种试样进行900℃/20h,40h,60h,80h,100h的涂盐(5wt%NaCl 95wt%Na2SO4)抗腐蚀性能试验.试验结果表明,与Al-Si涂层试样和无涂层IC6AE合金试样相比,NiCr-CrAl涂层试样表现出最好的抗热腐蚀性能;与无涂层的IC6AE合金试样相比,Al-Si涂层试样的抗腐蚀性没有明显的改善.微观结构分析表明,无涂层的IC6AE合金在900℃时经过几个小时后就遭到了严重的腐蚀破坏.涂盐腐蚀100h后,表面生成了一层主要由Mo,Ni的氧化物组成的多孔无保护性的疏松层.对于Al-Si涂层的试样,900℃/100h腐蚀后试样表面生成了大量Mo,Ni的氧化物,此外还有少量Al2O3及NiAl3相,这些相对样品有一定的保护作用.涂覆NiCr-CrAl涂层的样品经900℃/100h腐蚀后,试样表面主要生成了连续致密的Al2O3及NiAl2O4层,并有少量的Mo,Ni的氧化物,因此对合金有着较好的保护作用,抗腐蚀性能得到了显著改善.     

栅极偏压对纳米金刚石薄膜沉积过程的影响

在HFCVD系统中施加栅极偏压和衬底偏压,采用双偏压成核和栅极偏压生长的方法成功制备了高质量的纳米金刚石薄膜.采用显微Raman高分辨率SEM和AFM等现代理化分析手段分析纳米金刚石膜的微结构,结果表明双偏压显著促进了金刚石的成核密度,平均晶粒尺寸在20 nm以内.试验观察和理论分析表明栅极偏压促进了热丝附近的等离子体浓度,提高了衬底附近的碳氢基团和氢原子浓度,提高了金刚石的成核密度、在保持晶粒的纳米尺寸的同时保持了较高的成膜质量和较低的生长缺陷.     

固体冲压发动机喷管用C/C-SiC复合材料

采用"化学气相渗透+先驱体浸渍裂解"(CVI+PIP)混合工艺制备固体冲压发动机用C/C-SiC复合材料喷管内层,综合考查复合材料的微观结构、弯曲性能和抗烧蚀性能以及固冲发动机C/C-SiC喷管内层水压和点火实验。结果表明:复合材料的弯曲强度达到197 MPa,且断裂破坏行为呈现典型的韧性模式;复合材料具有优异的抗氧化烧蚀性能,氧化烧蚀200 s后线烧蚀率仅为0.0063 mm·s-1;研制的C/C-SiC复合材料构件的水压爆破压强为6.5 MPa,表明构件具有良好的整体承载能力;C/C-SiC复合材料喷管内层高温综合性能通过了固体冲压发动机点火实验考核。     

双模式离子液体推进剂的分解特性与热试车实验研究

硝酸羟胺(HAN)/1 乙基 3 甲基咪唑硫酸乙酯(［Emim］［EtSO4］)混合离子液体推进剂具有绿色无毒、高性能、易电离的特点，既可以应用于化学推进模式，又可以应用于电推进模式，是肼类推进剂的一种理想的替代品.利用热重分析 差示扫描量热法(TGA DSC)研究了HAN/［Emim］［EtSO4］离子液体推进剂的热分解和催化分解过程.研究了其在升温速率为5 K/min~15 K/min时，热分解和催化分解情况下的失重过程和放热过程.失重结果表明，该离子液体推进剂分解过程中，放热曲线表明，分解过程存在两个显著的放热过程使用催化剂可以显著地降低推进剂的分解温度和残余质量.最后，研制了推力为200 mN的模型发动机，热试车结果表明，HAN/［Emim］［EtSO4］离子液体推进剂可以在催化点火条件下实现稳定启动，在空间推进领域具有良好应用前景.