Assessment of precision in ionospheric electron density profiles retrieved by GPS radio occultations

The Constellation Observing System for Meteorology Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC) is a six satellite radio occultation mission that was launched in April 2006. The close proximity of these satellites during some months after launch provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the precision of Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) retrievals of ionospheric electron density from nearly collocated and simultaneous observations. RO data from 30 consecutive days during July and August 2006 are divided into ten groups in terms of daytime or nighttime and latitude. In all cases, the best precision values (about 1%) are found at the F peak height and they slightly degrade upwards. For all daytime groups, it is seen that electron density profiles above about 120 km height exhibit a substantial improvement in precision. Nighttime groups are rather diverse: in particular, the precision becomes better than 10% above different levels between 120 and 200 km height. Our overall results show that up to 100–200 km (depending on each group), the uncertainty associated with the precision is in the order of the measured electron density values. Even worse, the retrieved values tend sometimes to be negative. Although we cannot rely directly on electron density values at these altitudes, the shape of the profiles could be indicative of some ionospheric features (e.g. waves and sporadic E layers). Above 200 km, the profiles of precision are qualitatively quite independent from daytime or latitude. From all the nearly collocated pairs studied, only 49 exhibited a difference between line of sight angles of both RO at the F peak height larger than 10°. After analyzing them we find no clear indications of a significant representativeness error in electron density profiles due to the spherical assumption above 120 km height. Differences in precision between setting and rising GPS RO may be attributed to the modification of the processing algorithms applied to rising cases during the initial period of the COSMIC mission.     

火星探测器进入阶段稳定性分析

文章针对＂火星探路者＂,对火星探测器在进入火星大气减速过程中的运动稳定性问题进行了研究,分析了质心位置、进入条件、大气参数等因素对火星探测器运动稳定性的影响。分析结果表明,在马赫数大于1.2时,探测器处于一个比较稳定的状态。     

Event-triggered adaptive control for attitude tracking of spacecraft

Plug-and-play technology is an important direction for future development of spacecraft and how to design controllers with less communication burden and satisfactory performance is of great importance for plug-and-play spacecraft. Considering attitude tracking of such spacecraft with unknown inertial parameters and unknown disturbances, an event-triggered adaptive backstepping controller is designed in this paper. Particularly, a switching threshold strategy is employed to design the event-triggering mechanism. By introducing a new linear time-varying model, a smooth function, an integrable auxiliary signal and a bound estimation approach, the impacts of the network-induced error and the disturbances are effectively compensated for and Zeno phenomenon is successfully avoided. It is shown that all signals of the closed-loop system are globally uniformly bounded and both the attitude tracking error and the angular velocity tracking error converge to zero. Compared with conventional control schemes, the proposed scheme significantly reduces the communication burden while providing stable and accurate response for attitude maneuvers. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

基于快速模糊干扰观测器的UASV再入Terminal滑模控制

针对无人空天飞行器再人大气层过程中气动参数变化剧烈、控制精度要求高的特点，设计了基于快速模糊干扰观测器的Terminal滑模控制方案。通过改进传统模糊干扰观测器的学习律，提出一种快速模糊干扰观测器，增强了其在线逼近干扰及系统不确定的能力。Terminal滑模的有限时间收敛特性提高了系统跟踪速度，同时采用快速模糊干扰观测器消除全部扰动的影响，从而保证了飞行品质。最后，仿真结果表明了快速模糊干扰观测器的优越性及闭环控制方案的有效性。     

具有参数不确定性的飞行器的变结构姿态控制

研究一类具有惯性参数不确定性和气动力矩参数不确定性的飞行器的姿态控制。设计了基于时间尺度分离的两环变结构姿态控制系统，选取含有跟踪误差及其积分函数的滑动超平面，先对能达阶段的收敛性进行了基于李雅普洛夫函数的证明，再对闭环系统的稳定性进行了证明，最后对该控制系统进行了基于Simulink的仿真，仿真结果证实了该控制策略的鲁棒性和可行性。     

反演法在导弹非线性控制系统设计中的应用

反演控制方法是非线性控制领域的一种新方法,可以有效解决系统的非线性、耦合性和不确定性。本文在三维空间六自由度非线性导弹系统模型的基础上设计了俯仰、偏航、滚转三通道控制系统,并针对空气动力学参数的不确定性进行了系统鲁棒性分析。仿真结果表明反演控制是一种非常有效的非线性控制方法,并具有较强的鲁棒性。     

一种强鲁棒变结构制导设计

传统制导拦截模型可用一组方程来描述,由于该方程是耦合的,对其进行制导律的设计时,往往假定导弹在瞄准线方向不可控,但这样必然产生较大的模型误差。文中将传统制导方程进行变换得到其状态空间形式,根据导弹和目标各自加速度沿瞄准线(LOS)方向及其垂直方向的分量之间的物理关系对状态方程降维,然后通过引入有界参数变量,得到含有控制不确定性和外部干扰的描述形式,进而按照不确定系统变结构控制原理设计了制导律。由于制导律设计时考虑了导弹法向加速度分量的相关性、不同状态对拦截模型不确定性影响和外部干扰,所以具有强鲁棒特性.仿真结果表明这种制导律在合理参数选取下其抗目标机动能力强、脱靶量小、过载要求低、无控制抖动问题。
     

基于前馈补偿的一类不确定系统的动态反馈镇定

提出一种基于神经网络的复合前馈补偿的设计方法,以解决工程上的复杂控制问题,数字仿真试验表明了该方法的有效性。     

柔性空间结构的分散模糊变结构控制

提出了一种适用于一类不确定大系统的分散变结构控制方法 ,并将该方法用于柔性空间结构的控制系统设计中。考虑到复杂大系统的系统关联及不确定因素复杂 ,在控制律中引入了模糊控制规则来确定分散控制律中的非线性分量大小 ,使控制系统设计时不需知道系统不确定变化及关联的具体情况 ,简化了控制器的设计。同时 ,模糊控制规则的引入还有效减弱了一般分散变结构控制系统的抖颤问题。所设计的控制系统可以保证柔性空间结构系统在未知参数摄动以及外界干扰情况下的稳定。数字仿真结果表明该方法的有效性。     

Nonlinear interval analysis of rotor response with joints under uncertainties

The dynamic influence of joints in aero-engine rotor systems is investigated in this paper. Firstly, the tangential stiffness and loss factor are obtained from an isolated lap joint setup with dynamic excitation experiments. Also, the influence of the normal contact pressure and the excitation level are examined, which revel the uncertainty in joints. Then, the updated Thin Layer Elements (TLEs) method with fitted parameters based on the experiments is established to simulate the dynamic properties of joints on the interface. The response of the rotor subjected to unbalance excitation is calculated, and the results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Meanwhile, using the Chebyshev inclusion function and a direct iteration algorithm, a nonlinear interval analysis method is established to consider the uncertainty of parameters in joints. The accuracy is proved by comparison with results obtained using the Monte-Carlo method. Combined with the updated TLEs, the nonlinear Chebyshev method is successfully applied on a finite model of a rotor. The study shows that substantial attention should be paid to the dynamical design for the joint in rotor systems, the dynamic properties of joints under complex loading and the corresponding interval analysis method need to be intensively studied.