驱动方腔内涡流的数值模拟

本文介绍一种求解涡度流函数形式的定常不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程的半隐式指数型差分格式。涡度方程用上述格式求解,而流函数方程用多层网格法求解。这种组合求解方式具有很好的稳定性及较快的收敛速度。本文对Re=100,400,1000,3000,5000的驱动方腔及Re=400,1000的驱动长方腔进行了数值模拟,结果与现有的计算相吻合。     

A working hypothesis for connections between electrically-induced changes in cloud microphysics and storm vorticity,with possible effects on circulation

This paper outlines, and explores the uncertainties in, hypothesized connections between a series of processes that could explain two long-standing puzzles; those of (1) the observed winter storm vorticity responses to atmospheric energy inputs that change the ionosphere–earth current density, J_z, that appear to involve storm invigoration, and (2) changes in anti-cyclonic blocking and circulation that include the observed colder winters in Great Britain and western Europe at solar minima, and especially at extended solar minima. A working hypothesis for the mechanism responsible for (1) is that the flow of J_z through conductivity gradients, as in stratified cloud layers and fog, especially with sea-salt aerosol haze over the high latitude winter oceans, deposits electric changes on droplets and aerosol particles; most importantly on cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). These electric charges modulate scavenging of the particles in clouds and haze layers, increasing the concentration of small CCN and decreasing the concentration of large CCN. When further cloud formation occurs there is increased concentration of small droplets and decreased concentration of large ones, reducing coalescence and the production of rain. Thus updrafts carry more liquid water above the freezing level, and there the increased production of ice releases more latent heat and invigorates the updraft (the Rosenfeld mechanism), leading to increased vorticity. Here we explore the major uncertainties for the reality of the above chain of physical processes. A consequence of cumulative cyclonic vorticity increases is increases in downstream anti-cyclonic blocking. A further working hypothesis for (2) is that the invigoration may be large enough to contribute to the observed increases in blocking in winters at solar minima (high J_z) in the North Atlantic, that result in colder winters in the UK and northern Europe.     

Comparison between observed ionospheric foF2 and IRI-2001 predictions over periods of severe geomagnetic activities at Grahamstown,South Africa

The observed ionospheric F2 critical frequency (foF2) values over a South Africa mid-latitude station, Grahamstown, (geographic coordinates: 33.3°S, 26.5°E), were analysed and compared with International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model, using the CCIR (Comite´ Consultatif International des Radio communications) and URSI (Union Radio-Scientifique Internationale) coefficients, during four geomagnetically disturbed days in the year 2000. These days are April 5, May 23, August 10 and September 15. The data were analysed for five days around the storm day. Comparisons between the IRI-2001 predicted foF2 values, using both CCIR and URSI coefficients and the observed values are shown with their root-mean-square error (RMSE) and the relative deviation module mean (rdmm) for the various storm periods. The CCIR option performed more accurately than the URSI option.     

椭圆形切扇修形对波瓣混合器掺混性能影响

在保证面积不变的情况下,选取不同的长轴、短轴,对波瓣混合器进行椭圆形切扇修形,研究切口深度与宽度对波瓣混合器掺混性能的影响规律。使用商用 CFD 软件对流场进行数值模拟。结果显示,对波瓣侧壁进行切扇处理会加强流向涡的强度,切扇越深,流向涡强度越大;切扇波瓣流向涡的耗散速率要大于基准波瓣混合器的流向涡耗散速率,预示着更为高效的掺混;引射系数与切口深度成正比,而总压恢复系数与切口深度成反比。考察了两种衡量热混合效率的模型并对其信度进行了比较,发现在 x =0.4 m 之前切扇可以提高热混合效率,而在 x =0.4 m 之后,基准波瓣混合器热混合效率要大于切扇波瓣混合器。     

A FINITE ELEMENT SOLVER FOR NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS VIA VORTICITY AND VELOCITY

INTRODUCTIONThe stationary incompressible Navier- Stokesequations in the primitive variables( velocity uand pressure p)- vΔu + u . u + p =f . u =0u =g　inΩinΩonΓ( 1 )whereΩ is a set of R2 ,Γ its boundary,v thekinematic viscosity of the fluid,f a field of givenbody forces,and g a given field defined onΓ sa-tisfying the global conservation property∫Γg . n =0 ( 2 )n denotes the unit outer normal vector toΓ.The vorticity- velocity system of Eq.( 1 ) ,byintroducing the vorticityω…     

RF communications subsystem for the Radiation Belt Storm Probes mission

The NASA Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) mission, currently in Phase B, is a two-spacecraft, Earth-orbiting mission, which will launch in 2012. The spacecraft's S-band radio frequency (RF) telecommunications subsystem has three primary functions: provide spacecraft command capability, provide spacecraft telemetry and science data return, and provide accurate Doppler data for navigation. The primary communications link to the ground is via the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory's (JHU/APL) 18 m dish, with secondary links to the NASA 13 m Ground Network and the Tracking and Data Relay Spacecraft System (TDRSS) in single-access mode. The on-board RF subsystem features the APL-built coherent transceiver and in-house builds of a solid-state power amplifier and conical bifilar helix broad-beam antennas. The coherent transceiver provides coherency digitally, and controls the downlink data rate and encoding within its field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The transceiver also provides a critical command decoder (CCD) function, which is used to protect against box-level upsets in the C&DH subsystem. Because RBSP is a spin-stabilized mission, the antennas must be symmetric about the spin axis. Two broad-beam antennas point along both ends of the spin axis, providing communication coverage from boresight to 70°. An RF splitter excites both antennas; therefore, the mission is designed such that no communications are required close to 90° from the spin axis due to the interferometer effect from the two antennas. To maximize the total downlink volume from the spacecraft, the CCSDS File Delivery Protocol (CFDP) has been baselined for the RBSP mission. During real-time ground contacts with the APL ground station, downlinked files are checked for errors. Handshaking between flight and ground CFDP software results in requests to retransmit only the file fragments lost due to dropouts. This allows minimization of RF link margins, thereby maximizing data rate and thus data volume.     

有阀式脉动喷气发动机出口瞬态速度场测量

通过使用TR-PIV(time-resolved-patricle image velocimetry)系统对某亥姆霍兹型有阀式脉动喷气发动机出口瞬态速度场进行测量.实验结果表明:有阀式脉动喷气发动机出口压力及速度场呈明显的周期性变化过程,时均速度最高的区域并不在尾喷管出口截面,排气阶段的旋度及持续时间均大于吸气阶段.有阀式脉动喷气发动机出口未完全膨胀的高温燃气在排出尾喷管后仍会继续膨胀,对于提高性能不利.      

大型水洞中螺旋桨尾流场PIV测试研究

以标准桨DTMB-P4119为试验对象,开展了螺旋桨尾流场测试分析。试验捕捉到了清晰的螺旋桨梢涡和尾涡的流动结构以及梢涡、尾涡片在尾流中的演化。分析比较了三种载况下的尾流特征,利用捕捉到的梢涡涡心坐标计算了部分涡线的螺距角。文章将测试结果与LDV测试数据进行了比较分析,结果表明,PIV与LDV对微观流动结构的测量取得了比较一致的结果。     

蛇形进气道涡控设计研究

针对传统概念设计的蛇形进气道畸变大、总压恢复系数较低以及相应流场控制技术存在局限性等缺点,对典型蛇形进气道内通道二次流的涡动力学形成及其对气流分离影响分析的基础上,提出了蛇形进气道涡控设计概念,并利用数值仿真进行了初步验证.仿真结果表明:与原型方案相比,蛇形进气道涡控设计方案成功抑制了上壁面大范围的气流分离,巡航状态畸...     

BVF在吹气控制压气机叶栅分离流中的应用

结合边界涡量流(BVF),对叶片开缝吹气的方法控制扩压叶栅流动分离进行了数值模拟.结果表明,叶片开缝可有效的吹除附面层内的低速气流,从而弱化或消除流动分离,提升性能.对叶栅开缝位置、开缝角度及缝隙宽度等影响因素的组合研究,获得了最佳开缝方案.BVF气动分析显示,叶片吸力面上高的BVF正峰值是大尺度分离发生的预兆,最佳开缝位置在BVF正峰值之后,分离点前后的一段区域,通过选择合适的位置,可取得在最大工况范围的最佳效果.