General relativistic radiation hydrodynamics: Mixed-frame approach

I show how general relativistic 3D radiation hydrodynamic equations can be derived from the tensor formulation. Radiation quantities are differentiated with respect to the fixed coordinates while the interaction between matter and radiation is described by the comoving frame quantities. The formulation is covariant, and can be applied to any coordinates or spacetime; I show the derivation for the Schwarzschild spacetime as an example.     

相对论性离子束（环束）流引起的电磁不稳定性

在相对论性框架下，研究了冷离子流产生的右旋共振模，非共振模电磁不稳定性的特征结果表明，非共振模不稳定性增长率受离子流初始参数影响较大，而右旋共振模的增长率则受离子流初始参数影响较小。此结果可应用于太阳高能离子流通过低日冕区和地球磁层辐射带俘获的高能质子情形。     

同时性问题研究(一)

本文对狭义相对论同时性的相对性观点进行了分析，并提出狭义相对论在同时性的相对性问题的分析上有逻辑上的错误。关于同时性问题，文中提出了一个不同于相对论的观点，并与相对论的观点进行了比较。自1887年沃依格特（Voigt）给出了洛伦兹变换式，该变换式在近代物理学上起着重要作用，相对论在数学上就是以该变换式为基础的。但是，100多年来还无人对它作出物理解释，本文对洛伦兹变换式作出了明确的物理解释，并得出了在同一惯性参考系内，与一个事件相联系的静止点与运动点之间以洛伦兹变换式相联系的重要结论。它与相对论将洛伦兹变换作为两个作相对运动的惯性坐标系间事件的坐标变换式有重大区别。     

空间计量中长度单位和距离测量

长度单位定义是建立在光直线传播、光速在真空中为常数,以及光速各向同性的理论基础上,二维球面上的直线,在三维空间中是弯曲的测地线;三维空间的直线,在四维时空中也是弯曲的测地线。长度单位的定义是否适用四维时空呢？SI秒和SI米的定义适用于全域时空,但使用它们必需明确原时和坐标时的区别。爱因斯坦的狭义相对论以及光速不变原理只适用于惯性系,不适用于非惯性系。本文以转盘上的非惯性坐标系为例,利用广义相对论的坐标变换和时空度规运算,揭示了非惯性坐标系上的时空弯曲和光的非直线传播现象。计算了非惯性坐标系上Sagnac效应对卫星和地面站双向测距的影响,初步研究表明空间测量范围从局域推广到全域的话,诸如引力红移、相对速度效应、Sagnac效应等将会成为空间长度测量不确定度的影响因素,因此空间计量理论必须建立在广义相对论基础之上,用四维时空观念理解空间距离测量问题。     

Understanding high-density matter through analysis of surface spectral lines and burst oscillations from accreting neutron stars

We discuss millisecond period brightness oscillations and surface atomic spectral lines observed during type I X-ray bursts from a neutron star in a low mass X-ray binary system. We show that modeling of these phenomena can constrain models of the dense cold matter at the cores of neutron stars. We demonstrate that, even for a broad and asymmetric spectral line, the stellar radius-to-mass ratio can be inferred to better than 5%. We also fit our theoretical models to the burst oscillation data of the low mass X-ray binary XTE J1814-338, and find that the 90% confidence lower limit of the neutron star’s dimensionless radius-to-mass ratio is 4.2.     

Modeling Pulsar Wind Nebulae

In the last few years, new observations by CHANDRA and XMM have shown that Pulsar Wind Nebulae present complex but similar inner features, with the presence of axisymmetric rings and jets, which are generally referred to as a jet-torus structure. Due to the rapid growth in accuracy and robustness of numerical schemes for relativistic fluid-dynamics, it is now possible to model the flow and magnetic structure of the relativistic plasma responsible for the emission. Recent results have clarified how the jet and rings are formed, suggesting that the morphology is strongly related to the wind properties, so that, in principle, it is possible to infer the conditions in the unshocked wind from the nebular emission. I will review here the current status in the modeling of Pulsar Wind Nebulae, and, in particular, how numerical simulations have increased our understanding of the flow structure, observed emission, polarization and spectral properties. I will also point to possible future developments of the present models.     

Electrostatic accelerometer with bias rejection for gravitation and Solar System physics

Radio tracking of interplanetary probes is an important tool for navigation purposes as well as for testing the laws of physics or exploring planetary environments. The addition of an accelerometer on board a spacecraft provides orbit determination specialists and physicists with an additional observable of great interest: it measures the value of the non-gravitational acceleration acting on the spacecraft, i.e. the departure of the probe from geodesic motion.     

Testing relativity with orbiting clocks

We describe the background and status of a superconducting microwave clock suitable for relativity experiments in earth orbit. The project has the capability of performing improved tests of Lorentz invariance via a Michelson–Morley type experiment, and setting new limits on nine parameters in the Standard Model Extension. If flown with a high stability atomic clock, a Kennedy–Thorndike experiment along with additional tests in general relativity could be performed.     

具裂纹的桁架结构系统静强度可靠性分析

根据具裂纹结构的剩余截面模量和刺余极限应力,分别在屈服与断裂失效条件下建立了元件的安全余量,并以两者串联的失效概率为该元件的失效概率,分析了结构系统的失效过程.算例表明:不同裂纹长度元件的失效形式可不同,结构系统主要失效路径中元件屈服与断裂失效同时存在.认为有裂纹结构的可靠性分析需同时考虑元件的屈服与断裂失效.