Why do speakers mix perspectives?

Although considerations of discourse coherence and cognitive processing suggest that communicators should adopt consistent perspectives when describing spatial scenes, in many cases they switch perspectives. Ongoing research examining cognitive costs indicates that these are small and exacted in establishing a mental model of a scene but not in retrieving information from a well-known scene. A perspective entails a point of view, a referent object, and terms of reference. These may change within a perspective, exacting cognitive costs, so that the costs of switching perspective may not be greater than the costs of maintaining the same perspective. Another project investigating perspective choice for self and other demonstrates effects of salience of referent object and ease of terms of reference. Perspective is mixed not just in verbal communications but also in pictorial ones, suggesting that at times, switching perspective is more effective than maintaining a consistent one.     

英汉翻译中文化因素的影响

语言是整个文化的基础，语言的变化往往可以追溯到文化上的原因。翻译做为一种语言的艺术，在双语转换的过程中，必定受到文化因素的影响，本文从５个方面简略地阐述了汉英翻译中，原语及译语文化差异导致两种语言在语义及表达形式上的非对应，以及所需采取的补偿手段。