动力失效对起飞纵向气动特性影响数值研究

研究民用飞机动力失效对飞机起飞阶段纵向气动特性的影响规律及其机理,对保证飞机有效操纵和安全飞行具有重要意义.采用在点对点多块结构化网格系统上求解三维可压缩雷诺平均N-S方程的数值方法,研究发动机动力失效对某民用飞机起飞构型纵向气动特性的影响.通过DLR-F11模型验证研究方法对民用飞机高升力构型气动特性的预测能力;针对安装动力短舱的某翼吊涡扇发动机民用飞机起飞构型,通过对比其发动机在正常工况和失效时飞机气动特性的差异,得出动力失效对飞机纵向气动特性的影响规律及机理.结果表明:动力失效后,不但溢流效应会使飞机阻力系数增大;还会导致发动机进、排气特性较正常工作状态明显不同,恶化短舱附近流场,对飞机的升力、失速特性带来不利影响.     

基于数值模拟的翼身融合布局飞机上悬式发动机布置技术

发动机进排气对飞机气动特性具有重要影响。为了评估翼身融合布局（BWB）飞机上悬式发动机不同布置方式对全机气动特性的影响，首先开展了发动机短舱进排气与全机流场耦合的数值模拟技术研究，验证了计算方法的正确性。在此基础上，针对发动机安装于翼身升力面之上的BWB运输类飞机，开展飞机巡航飞行条件下，发动机不同支撑高度下沿流向及展向不同安装位置的进排气与全机流场耦合数值模拟，评估发动机不同布置方式对全机气动特性的影响，形成发动机不同布置方式影响的规律性结论。     

高压涡轮转子叶片内部气流组织方式研究

为了获得涡轮转子叶片内部冷却结构的冷却性能,采用气热耦合计算的方法分析了在相同冷气总量条件下3种不同的气流组织方式对叶片冷却效果的影响,并选择其中相对优化的冷却结构进行了转速对进气压力和综合冷却效率的影响研究。结果表明,B型结构叶片气流组织较为合理,表面温度较为均匀,整体冷却效率得到有效提高;哥氏力和离心浮升力的存在导致冷却气流发生相应偏转,前缘滞止线随转速增加由压力面向吸力面偏移,同时前缘气膜出流随转速发生变化,随着转速增大,压力面综合冷却效率提高,吸力面综合冷却效率下降。     

Increased urinary excretion rates of serotonin and metabolites during bedrest

Astronauts are often on a voluntarily reduced energy intake during space missions, possibly caused by a metabolic or emotional stress response with involvement of the central serotonergic system (SES). We investigated 24 h urinary excretion (24 h-E) of serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindol acidic acid as indicators of the SES in healthy males under two different normocaloric conditions: normal physical activity (NPA) and -6 degree head-down-tilt (HDT). HDT or NPA were randomly arranged with a recovery period of 6 months in between. 24 h-E of hormones varied widely among individuals. Values were higher in HDT compared to NPA. Assuming that the 24 h-E values are, beside being indicators for alterations in the number and metabolism of platelets. Also indicators of central SES, HDT condition seems to activate central SES in a higher degree compared to NPA. Therefore, changes in central SES might be involved in the mechanisms associated with space flight or microgravity, including possible maladaptations such as voluntary undernutrition.     

埋入式进气道流场的雷诺应力测量和频谱分析

本文给出了埋入式进气道内湍流流场的雷诺应力测量和频谱分析结果。在研究中利用“Ｘ”双斜丝探头测量了低速下埋入式进气道出口截面上六个雷诺应力分量沿径向和周向的分布,继而把两个单丝热线探头分别置于进气道的进、出口,通过ＣＦ－９２０频谱仪分析两个动态信号的自功率谱和互相关性质。结果表明埋入式进气道出口近壁区气流的雷诺应力呈明显的各向异性,其上游的气流脉动是按气流平均速率向下游传输的。     

飞翼无人机3种保形进气口进气道气动与隐身综合特性对比

基于飞翼布局无人机隐身与结构装载布置要求,保形设计了3种进气口形状的背负式S弯进气道,按照进口投影截面形状上、下底之比顺序排列,分别为三角形、梯形和矩形.利用数值模拟方法对无人机内外流场耦合流动进行计算分析,且基于射线弹跳(SBR)法对进气道电磁散射特性进行仿真研究,获得了飞翼无人机3种进气道的气动与隐身综合特性.研究结果表明:①矩形进气道模型升阻和纵向力矩特性表现均最好;②3种 进气道模型按顺序排列总压恢复系数逐渐增大,畸变指数逐渐减小,进气道沿程气流也逐渐顺畅,矩形进气道模型进气道内流特性最优;③0°迎角下3种进气道模型雷达散射截面(RCS)均值基本呈现先增大后减小的特征,进气道终端开放时矩形进气道模型隐身性能最好,而终端短路时三角形进气道模型隐身效果更优异.      

类水滴进口高超内收缩进气道参数化分析

基于马赫数分布规律可控的轴对称基准流场,使用流线追踪和截面渐变方法设计了进口截面形状非对称的类水滴形进口转圆形出口高超内收缩进气道,研究了设计参数横向位置d,纵向位置h和进口形状曲线参数a对性能的影响规律。在相同约束条件下对比了类水滴形进口进气道与常规矩形转圆、方形转圆进气道的性能差异。结果表明:在设计点,所研究的设计参数对类水滴进口进气道总体性能影响显著;在捕获面积和内收缩比相同的情况下,类水滴进口进气道综合性能明显优于常规矩形转圆、方形转圆进气道。     

某型航空活塞发动机进排气系统优化分析

针对高空小型飞机的动力要求,对某型航空活塞发动机的进排气系统均匀性进行了分析,建立了某型航空活塞发动机的仿真模型,分析了进排气管路结构参数对发动机性能的影响.以进气质量流量不均匀度和进气压力波动效应为评价指标,对发动机的进排气系统结构参数进行了优化.通过改变进排气歧管和总管的长度,把不均匀度降低到5%以内,最大降幅为38%,并且提高了发动机的扭矩和功率,最大提高幅度为5%.      

Numerical simulation of the three-dimensional flow-path in a ram-rotor

A kind of three-dimensional flow-path of the ram-rotor was designed in this paper according to the design method of the typical supersonic intake of aircraft and missiles,especially the design method of the compression ramp,the throat and the subsonic diffuser.The design Mach number of the flow-path was based on the averaged relative Mach number,regardless of the change of incoming Mach number along radial direction of the flow-path.Then,the flowfield of the designed flow-path was simulated numerically with computational fluid dynamics software at design point.The purpose of simulation was to obtain the details of the flowfield,including the structure of the shock wave system,position of flow separation zone,and so on.The performance of the ram-rotor was also evaluated.The numerical results show the structure of the shock wave system in the flow-path is similar to that in the supersonic intake.To improve the overall performance of the ram-rotor,the reasonable compromise between the total pressure ratio and the isentropic adiabatic efficiency should be reached.The structure optimization of the flow-path and the configuration of the shock wave system have great influence on the performance of the ram-rotor.      

飞翼布局无人机进排气效应风洞试验研究

飞机进排气会对全机气动性能产生明显的影响.采用引射式动力模拟器对飞翼布局无人机开展进排气效应模拟,分析进排气对全机气动特性的影响.试验结果表明:进排气对飞翼布局升力影响不明显,对阻力影响量比较大,可使全机最大升阻比降低1～4左右,而喷流能使全机最大升阻比下降1～1.8左右,进排气效应使得全机俯仰力矩增加,但纵向静安定度基本不变;进排气对全机横航向特性影响不大,对襟翼效率影响也甚微.可作为飞翼无人机气动布局设计的参考.