液滴冲击移动液膜的数值研究

为了研究液滴冲击移动液膜问题,建立了三维不可压缩层流计算模型,基于耦合的水平集-流体体积法对两相界面进行追踪,探讨了液膜速度和厚度、液滴直径和速度对冲击移动液膜过程的影响。研究表明:液膜静止时,冲击结果是对称的,而液膜移动时,冲击结果变为非对称;液膜速度对冠上游生长具有增强效应,而对冠下游具有抑制作用,增加液膜速度冠的上游高度增加、下游高度减小,内径增加;液膜厚度增加,液膜与壁面的粘性损失减小,吸收冲击动能的能力增强,当无量纲液膜厚度小于1时,冠的上、下游高度均随着液膜厚度的增加而增加,否则相反;当无量纲液膜厚度小于0.5时,冠内径随着液膜厚度的增加而增加,否则反之;随液滴直径和速度的增大,冠的高度和内径均增加。     

Forest parameter estimation by means of Monte-Carlo simulations with experimental considerations – Estimation of multiple reflections among trees depending on forest parameters

A method for estimation of forest multiple light reflections depending on forest parameters is introduced, based on Monte-Carlo simulations of photon transport with experimental considerations. The model is verified through experiments with two miniature forests, in which two types of small-sized trees with ellipsoid- and cone-shaped crowns are arranged in a grid array. The introduced method was confronted with experimental measurements and showed small deviations from the measured values. It was found that the simulation of three-dimensional photon trajectories allowed a reliable evaluation of multiple light reflections among trees. In addition, the multiple reflections among trees due to the changes of tree inter-distance, crown type and crown shape were clarified with the proposed method.