A survey of safety separation management and collision avoidance approaches of civil UAS operating in integration national airspace system

Recent years have witnessed a booming of the industry of civil Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS). As an emerging industry, the UAS industry has been attracting great attention from governments of all countries and the aviation industry. UAS are highly digitalized, informationized, and intelligent; therefore, their integration into the national airspace system has become an important trend in the development of civil aviation. However, the complexity of UAS operation poses great challenges to the traditional aviation regulatory system and technical means. How to prevent collisions between UASs and between UAS and manned aircraft to achieve safe and efficient operation in the integrated operating airspace has become a common challenge for industry and academia around the world. In recent years, the international community has carried out a great amount of work and experiments in the air traffic management of UAS and some of the key technologies. This paper attempts to make a review of the UAS separation management and key technologies in collision avoidance in the integrated airspace, mainly focusing on the current situation of UAS Traffic Management (UTM), safety separation standards, detection system, collision risk prediction, collision avoidance, safety risk assessment, etc., as well as an analysis of the bottlenecks that the current researches encountered and their development trends, so as to provide some insights and references for further research in this regard. Finally, this paper makes a further summary of some of the research highlights and challenges.     

An innovative approach for integrated airline network and aircraft family optimization

The determination of optimal aerial transport networks and their associated flight frequencies is crucial for the strategic planning of airlines, as well as for carrying out market research, to establish target markets, and for aircraft and crew rostering. In addition, optimum airplane types for the selected networks are crucial to improve revenue and to provide reduced operating costs. The present study proposes an innovative approach to determine the optimal aerial transport network simultaneously with the determination of the optimum fleet for that network, composed of three types of airplanes (network and vehicle integrated design). The network profit is maximized. The passenger’s demands between the airports are determined via a gravitational model. An embedded linear programming solution is responsible for obtaining potential optimal network configurations. The optimum fleet combination is determined from a database of candidate aircraft designs via genetic algorithm. A truly realistic airplane representation is made possible thanks to accurate surrogate models for engine and aerodynamics is adopted. An accurate engine deck encompassing a compression map and an innovative engine weight calculation besides an aerodynamical artificial neural network module enable a high degree of accuracy for the mission analysis. The proposed methodology is applied to obtain the optimum network comprised of twenty main Brazilian airports and corresponding fleet.     

高频大电压标准器

主要阐述了该标准器的基本原理,从理论上对结构补偿法进行了分析和数学推导,当R/Z_o=1.9～2.0之间时,具有最小的交直流差。设计了匹配的同轴热电转换标准器;进行了误差分析;给出了试验结果,说明该标准器交直流差的重复性和复现性是好的。     

8mm衰减标准装置

对8mm衰减标准装置的工作原理、系统设计、主要技术特点、误差分析等进行了详细介绍,并附有测试和分析数据。该装置达到了80dB的量程、全频段和±0.003dB/10dB的准确度。     

SAR图像斑点噪声抑制技术的定量评估研究

合成孔径雷达SAR得到广泛的应用和研究,因此SAR斑点噪声抑制技术也受到了普遍关注。各种斑点滤波器的技术途径各不相同,对斑点噪声的抑制效果也就各不相同。文中在研究SAR图像基本特性和国内外现有的斑点滤波器的基础上,参照相关SAR图像质量指标,提出定量评估SAR图像斑点抑制技术的指标体系,给出各指标在实际应用中的测量方法。计算机仿真结果证明了指标的有效性。     

空袭目标威胁评估模型研究

以航路捷径、目标类型、机动特性、到达发射区近界的剩余时间，以及电子干扰为主要影响因素，结合多通道防空武器系统的特点，建立了基于层次分析法和模糊综合决策法的空袭目标威胁评估模型。用层次分析法确定各因素权重，以分段函数的形式给出权重系数。针对一给定的中程防空武器系统，用模糊统计计算各影响因素的隶属函数，并给出了模型的计算流程。仿真结果表明，所设计的模型能较准确地评估来袭目标的危险性，且具有较高的灵敏度。     

毫米波导引头的技术特点

论述了空空导弹毫米波导引头的主要技术特点及其在工程应用中存在的若干问题。着重讨论了空空导弹毫米波导引头较红外和微波导引头在分辨力、反隐身和抗干扰方面的技术优势，并就毫米波导引头在探测与跟踪、大功率器件研制和毫米波器件的精密加工等关键技术问题进行了分析。     

挠性卫星振动抑制的变结构主动控制方案及实验研究

文章从工程角度出发，以具有挠性太阳帆板的卫星为背景，着重研究了挠性空间结构的低阶模型变结构控制方案。针对卫星的“飞轮—喷气”执行机构工作模式设计了算法简单的变结构控制律，并基于单轴气浮台全物理仿真系统成功地进行了国内首次挠性结构振动主动控制实验，取得了显著的控制效果。     

用预测法量化防空导弹武器系统效能的研究

针对当前分析人员难于求解防空导弹武器系统总体效能值，提出了一套量化系统效能中的系统能力向量Ｃ的方法。对该方法作了详细的论述，并用该方法量度了一些防空导弹武器系统的总体系统效能。分析得到的结果是令人满意的，从而进一步解决了如何通过较理想的效能模型，全面地预测防空导弹武器系统在给定条件下完成规定任务的能力问题。     

复合材料胶接连接工艺

文中叙述了胶接工艺应具备的条件,复合材料胶接连接工艺特点和质量控制等内容。