Microbial utilisation of natural organic wastes

The waste management strategy for the future should meet the benefits of humanity safety, respect principals of planet ecology, and compatibility with other habitability systems. For these purpose the waste management technologies, relevant to application of the biodegradation properties of bacteria are of great value. The biological treatment method is based upon the biodegradation of organic substances by various microorganisms. The advantage of the biodegradation waste management in general: it allows to diminish the volume of organic wastes, the biological hazard of the wastes is controlled, and this system may be compatible with the other systems. The objectives of our study were: to evaluate effectiveness of microbial biodegradation of non-pretreated substrate, to construct phneumoautomatic digester for organic wastes biodegradation, and to study microbial characteristics of active sludge samples used as inoculi in biodegradation experiment. The technology of vegetable wastes treatment was elaborated in IBMP and BMSTU. For this purpose the special unit was created where the degradation process is activated by enforced reinvention of portions of elaborated biogas into digester. This technology allows to save energy normally used for electromechanical agitation and to create optimal environment for anaerobic bacteria growth. The investigations were performed on waste simulator, which imitates physical and chemical content of food wastes calculated basing on the data on food wastes of moderate Russian city. The volume of created experimental sample of digester is 40 l. The basic system elements of device are digesters, gas receiver, remover of drops and valve monitoring and thermal control system. In our testing we used natural food wastes to measure basic parameters and time of biodegradation process. The diminution rate of organic gained 76% from initial mass taking part within 9 days of fermentation. The biogas production achieved 46 l per 1 kg of substrate. The microbial studies of biodegradation process revealed following peculiarities: (i) gradual quantitative increasing of Lactobacillus sp. (from 10(3) to 10(5) colony forming units (CFU) per ml), (ii) activation of Clostridia sp. (from 10(2) to 10(4)CFU/ml), (iii) elimination of aerobic conventional pathogens (Enterobacteriaceae sp., Protea sp., staphylococci). The obtained results allow to evaluate effectiveness of proposed technology and to determine the leading role of lactobacilli and clostridia in process of natural wastes biodegradation. Our further investigations shall further be concentrated on creation of artificial inoculi for launching of food wastes biodegradation. These inoculi will include active and adapted strains of clostridia and lactobacilli.     

无人机航迹规划技术研究及发展趋势

通过对无人机航迹规划的研究,构建了无人机航迹规划的结构框架;分析了无人机系统约束及威胁场约束,探讨了无人机航迹几何建模方法及规划算法的国内外研究概况;并着重分析了规划算法。最后,阐述了无人机航迹规划面临的关键问题及发展趋势。     

对接综合试验台轨迹规划算法研究

为实现模拟空间两飞行器对接动力学过程的对接综合试验台的平稳对接，提出了一种基于加速度控制的轨迹规划算法。给出了不同初始条件下的规划方法，以及时转动自由度的特殊处理。物理试验结果表明，规划模型能精确控制平台从初始零位运动到主被动对接机构初次接触位置，且最后时刻平台姿态与对接试验的初始条件完全吻合。该算法可直接用于对接综合试验台的控制。     

加工复杂零件的高端技术

瑞士加工中心制造商威力铭-马科黛尔公司着重于质量和生产效率,主要活跃于航空/航天、精密机械、钟表和医疗行业,并以其为用户提供的高性能交钥匙解决方案而著称.     

对接综合试验台控制系统软件快速原型开发技术

对基于快速原型设计睁对接综合试验台控制系统软件开发进行了研究。介绍了根据系统方案进行的中央控制台软件设计和模型计算机软件开发等。给出了快速原型设计,以及包括接口设计、配置管理、文档管理等软件工程化管理等关键技术。     

Heusler合金M2CoA(M=Mn,Ti;A=Al,Si)的第一性原理

采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理计算方法,研究了M₂CoA型Heusler合金Mn₂CoAl、Mn₂CoSi、Ti₂CoAl和Ti₂CoSi的电子结构和磁学性质。发现Heusler合金Mn₂CoAl是亚铁磁性自旋无带隙半导体,Mn₂CoSi与Ti₂CoAl是亚铁磁性自旋半金属,而Ti₂CoSi是铁磁性自旋半金属。它们的总自旋磁矩均为整数,符合Slater-Pauling规则。然后,在分析电子能带结构和态密度的基础上,探讨了自旋无带隙半导体与半金属性的根源。最后,声子谱和弹性常数计算结果表明所有M₂CoA型Heusler合金在晶格动力学和力学上均是稳定的。