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Palinkas LA 《Journal of spacecraft and rockets》1990,27(5):471-477
This paper examines the utility of remote, isolated Antarctic research stations as analogs for long-duration spaceflights from the perspective of psychosocial processes of adaptation and adjustment. Certain features of the physical and man-made environments found in Antarctica are similar to those that will be encountered in outer space. In both settings, men and women are likely to experience a number of physiological and psychological changes in response to the extreme environmental conditions and the prolonged isolation and confinement. Biomedical research in Antarctica provides an opportunity to study the causes of these changes and to develop strategies for reducing the risks to health and well-being before they pose a serious threat to crew safety and mission success. A number of lessons for long-duration spaceflight are examined, including screening and selection of personnel; training programs designed to facilitate individual adjustment and group adaptation and minimize group conflict; identification of optimal leadership characteristics for small, isolated groups; an understanding of social dynamics and group "microcultures" necessary for the organization and management of small but heterogeneous groups; organization of work activities; facility design; and support infrastructure. 相似文献
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为了探明岷江百合幼苗在高温胁迫下的生理反应,以离体扩繁的岷江百合幼苗为研究材料,对其进行了不同高温(37 ℃/30 ℃、42 ℃/37 ℃)和不同时间(0、4、8、16、32、48 h)处理,研究了高温胁迫对其耐热指数和有关生理生化指标(叶绿素、丙二醛、游离脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量和SOD活性)的影响.结果表明:随着温度的升高和处理时间的延长,植株的耐热指数不断下降,叶绿素含量减少,丙二醛(MDA)含量增加;42 ℃胁迫32 h后,游离脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量、SOD活性均达到最大值,分别比对照增加了0.66倍、1.77倍和9.78倍.但胁迫48 h后,指标显著下降,这说明,42 ℃间断胁迫48 h对植株产生了不可逆的的热伤害作用. 相似文献
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N. Kanas G. Sandal J.E. Boyd V.I. Gushin D. Manzey R. North G.R. Leon P. Suedfeld S. Bishop E.R. Fiedler N. Inoue B. Johannes D.J. Kealey N. Kraft I. Matsuzaki D. Musson L.A. Palinkas V.P. Salnitskiy W. Sipes J. Stuster J. Wang 《Acta Astronautica》2009,64(7-8):659-677
The objective of this paper is twofold: (a) to review the current knowledge of cultural, psychological, psychiatric, cognitive, interpersonal, and organizational issues that are relevant to the behavior and performance of astronaut crews and ground support personnel and (b) to make recommendations for future human space missions, including both transit and planetary surface operations involving the Moon or Mars. The focus will be on long-duration missions lasting at least six weeks, when important psychological and interpersonal factors begin to take their toll on crewmembers. This information is designed to provide guidelines for astronaut selection and training, in-flight monitoring and support, and post-flight recovery and re-adaptation. 相似文献
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微波天线阵面的热变形是影响在轨指向精度的关键因素,如何解决大功率器件的散热问题至关重要。某微波天线热耗峰值近万瓦,在近20 m2的全阵面内,需要保证收发(TR)组件的温升和补偿加热器的功耗不能过高。针对某微波天线特有的工作模式和外热流情况,提出了机械泵驱动流体回路(MPFL)、双面散热和相变热管 3种热控方案,并分析了各自的特点和适用性。为解决天线内部狭小空间的辐射传导耦合问题,开展了单模块热阻实验分析与优化,并得到了在轨测试的验证。 相似文献
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The influence of isolation and confinement on social support and depressed mood was examined in a study of 235 men and women who spent a year at McMurdo Station in Antarctica, and a study of 77 men and women who spent a year at the Amundson-Scott South Pole Station. Although availability of support remained unchanged, there was a significant decrease in reported satisfaction with support obtained, as well as a significant increase in depressed mood. Satisfaction with support was inversely associated with depressed mood at the beginning and end of isolation and confinement. At the end of winter, this association varied by source of support. High levels of tension-anxiety, depression and anger preceded an increase in advice seeking, but high levels of advice seeking also preceded an increase in tension-anxiety and depression. Results suggest a significant erosion of social support under conditions of prolonged isolation and confinement, leading to an increase in depressed mood. 相似文献
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