类IXV飞行器初期再入制导与姿态控制方法研究

摘要： 针对类IXV飞行器无翼式升力体构型及采用RCS/尾襟翼组合控制特点，研究其初期再入段的高精度制导与姿态控制方法.设计带过程约束的数值预测 校正制导律以提高制导系统的鲁棒性及精确性；根据其执行机构配置特点，设计基于RCS的航向控制律及基于RCS/气动舵的纵、横向复合控制律，并采用鲁棒伺服LQR技术进行控制参数快速设计.通过蒙特卡洛打靶仿真来验证算法的精度及鲁棒性.     

23-3型航炮空膛现象分析研究

分析研究了23-3型航炮的工作原理、空膛现象产生的主要原因,并指出了避免空膛现象产生的方法,对航空兵地勤人员及航炮生产厂家具有实际指导意义.     

科研机构技术经济承包模式的探讨——介绍“‘五保一挂’目标承包责任制”

一、概述《中共中央关于科学技术体制改革的决定》中指出:“国防科研机构应当建立军民结合的新体制,在保证完成国防任务的同时,面向经济建设,加速军用技术成果向民用的转移,大力开展民用产品的开发研究.”几年来,我所在总结科技体制改革的基础上,也不断对技术经济责任制进行了补充、完善,形成了更加适合本所情况的《以“五保一挂”为考核内容的目标承包责任制》.“五保一挂”的核心是建立“双文明”建设的考核体系,把经济效益与科技水平、成果质量、长远发展更紧密地结合起来.通过强化管理,量化指标考核,加强经济核算和完善分配制度等措施,突出科研水平、质量、效益和后劲,提高所的技术经济效益和社会效益,促进全所技术经济目标的实现.     

用薄板等积变换方法制造起伏构造的工艺问题研究(英文)

研究了用于夹层壁板的新型轻质芯材的制造问题。该种芯材是一种可改变平面方向的褶皱构造。采用薄板等积变换通过局部弯曲而不拉伸材料的方法制造该种芯材已成为可能。其主要难点在于 ,必须实现沿复杂的展开图上所有的画线同时弯曲。现借助于成形过程中使原来的构形组件变形解决其造型问题。本文提出的工艺方法可用于不同材料的深度起伏构造制造 ,如金属薄板和纸等。     

具有实时图像形成能力的高分辨率、四波段SAR试验台

描述了在Sandia国家实验室研制的双水獭SAR试验台。该试验台很灵活、适应性强，能工作于四种频：Ka、Ku和VHF／UHF频带。这种SAR的特点是在聚束模式和条带测绘模式下具有高分辨实时图像形成能力。高质量的图像是采用重叠子孔径（OSA）图像形成算法和相位梯度自聚然（PGA）算法实时形成的。     

用于大型固体推进剂火箭发动机的独特点火系统试验

本文介绍了用于大型固体推进剂火箭发动机的组合式无喷管、无壳体点火器方案的设计、分析及试验结果。该点火方案的主要优点是可以把60%左右的点火器消极重量变成药柱有效载荷。点火系统的主装药由点火器周围的发动机前段装药所构成。这段装药又是发动机推进剂药柱的一部分,设计成象一个小的低压无喷管火箭发动机,给主发动机推进剂段提供足够的压力和热流输出以实现发动机点火。前段推进剂的点火由一个比较小的径向排气的BKNO_3烟火剂药片点火器来实现。试验计划需验证三个方面的设计问题:     

Mineralogical biosignatures and the search for life on Mars

If life ever existed, or still exists, on Mars, its record is likely to be found in minerals formed by, or in association with, microorganisms. An important concept regarding interpretation of the mineralogical record for evidence of life is that, broadly defined, life perturbs disequilibria that arise due to kinetic barriers and can impart unexpected structure to an abiotic system. Many features of minerals and mineral assemblages may serve as biosignatures even if life does not have a familiar terrestrial chemical basis. Biological impacts on minerals and mineral assemblages may be direct or indirect. Crystalline or amorphous biominerals, an important category of mineralogical biosignatures, precipitate under direct cellular control as part of the life cycle of the organism (shells, tests, phytoliths) or indirectly when cell surface layers provide sites for heterogeneous nucleation. Biominerals also form indirectly as by-products of metabolism due to changing mineral solubility. Mineralogical biosignatures include distinctive mineral surface structures or chemistry that arise when dissolution and/or crystal growth kinetics are influenced by metabolic by-products. Mineral assemblages themselves may be diagnostic of the prior activity of organisms where barriers to precipitation or dissolution of specific phases have been overcome. Critical to resolving the question of whether life exists, or existed, on Mars is knowing how to distinguish biologically induced structure and organization patterns from inorganic phenomena and inorganic self-organization. This task assumes special significance when it is acknowledged that the majority of, and perhaps the only, material to be returned from Mars will be mineralogical.     

ESA's Biopan 1--"Vitamin" experiment preliminary results

The purpose of “Vitamin” experiment is to study the efficiency of protective substances on three biological acellular systems aqueous solutions exposed to cosmic radiation in space. The first system “LDL”is a low density lipoprotein. The second is “E2-TeBG complexe” in which estradiol (E2) is bound to its plasmatic carrier protein, testosterone-estradiol binding globulin (TeBG). The third is “pBR 322”, a plasmid. “Vitamin” experiment was accomodated in the Biopan which had been mounted on the outer surface of a Foton retrievable satellite. The experiment was exposed to space environment during 15 days. A stable temperature of about 20 °C was maintained throughout the flight. “Vitamin” experiment preliminary results are presented and discussed.     

Choroidal responses in microgravity. (SLS-1, SLS-2 and hindlimb-suspension experiments)

Fluid and electrolyte shifts occuring during human spaceflight have been reported and investigated at the level of blood, cardio-vascular and renal responses. Very few data were available concerning the cerebral fluid and electrolyte adaptation to microgravity, even in animal models. It is the reason why we developed several studies focused on the effects of spaceflight (SLS-1 and SLS-2 programs, carried on NASA STS 40 and 56 missions, which were 9- and 14-day flights, respectively), on structural and functional features of choroid plexuses, organs which secrete 70–90 % of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and which are involved in brain homeostasis. Rats flown aboard space shuttles were sacrificed either in space (SLS-2 experiment, on flight day 13) or 4–8 hours after landing (SLS-1 and SLS-2 experiments). Quantitative autoradiography performed by microdensitometry and image analysis, showed that lateral and third ventricle choroid plexuses from rats flown for SLS-1 experiment demonstrated an increased number (about x 2) of binding sites to natriuretic peptides (which are known to be involved in mechanisms regulating CSF production). Using electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry, we studied the cellular response of choroid plexuses, which produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in brain lateral, third and fourth ventricles. We demonstrated that spaceflight (SLS-2 experiment, inflight samples) induces changes in the choroidal cell structure (apical microvilli, kinocilia organization, vesicle accumulation) and protein distribution or expression (carbonic anhydrase II, water channels,…). These observations suggested a loss of choroidal cell polarity and a decrease in CSF secretion. Hindlimb-suspended rats displayed similar choroidal changes. All together, these results support the hypothesis of a modified CSF production in rats during long-term (9, 13 or 14 days) adaptations to microgravity.     

DPIV技术在超声速自由涡气动窗口研究中的应用

超声速自由旋涡气动窗口是利用超声速自由旋涡射流来密封高能激光器低压的激光腔，了解气动窗口的流场结构对提高其气动性能和光学性能是非常重要的。本文采用纳米材料作为示踪粒子，开发了超声速流场的DPIV测试技术，并应用于超声速自由旋涡气动窗口的流动显示和测量。测量的最大流场马赫数为4．21，得到了气动窗口的启动过程和剪切层非线性快速增长的流动图画，获得了超声速自由旋涡射流及其诱导流动的速度场。