一种未来大型天地往返运输系统平台气动方案

针对未来低运行成本、可直接水平起降、重复使用的大型天地往返运输系统平台飞行器研制所需重点解决的全速域气动力性能需求与气动热防护匹配等难题，分析了典型航天飞机方案所存在的能量运行缺陷等主要问题及可能的改善方案。基于放宽气动热防护设计、涡轮/冲压/火箭发动机三动力组合、嵌套式旋转机翼全速域变体、在爬升阶段将飞行动能转化为高度势能以及再入阶段“跳跃式”盘旋减速飞行轨迹控制等设计思想，从能量损失速率控制和回收利用等角度出发，开展了一种新型大型天地往返运输系统平台气动布局概念设计研究。全速域气动力/热性能工程估算以及内/外流整体气动效能初步分析结果表明，该方案可有效满足整个飞行包线内的升重平衡需求，相比航天飞机方案具有显著的整体气动效能优势，值得进一步开展深入研究。     

飞行器程控跟踪相控阵天线安装误差补偿技术

针对窄波束高增益相控阵天线波束指向精度要求高、安装误差对波束指向的影响无法忽略的问题,提出了一种基于光学瞄准的安装误差测量方法,给出了光学测量内容和误差修正矩阵,经某型无人机飞行测试表明,该方法可以减少由安装误差带来的波束指向偏差,对高精度波束指向具有重要意义。     

Backstepping sliding-mode control of stratospheric airships using disturbance-observer

In the presence of unknown disturbances and model parameter uncertainties, this paper develop a nonlinear backstepping sliding-mode controller (BSMC) for trajectory tracking control of a stratospheric airship using a disturbance-observer (DO). Compared with the conventional sliding mode surface (SMS) constructed by a linear combination of the errors, the new SMS manifold is selected as the last back-step error to improve independence of the adjustment of the controller gains. Furthermore, a nonlinear disturbance-observer is designed to process unknown disturbance inputs and improve the BSMC performances. The closed-loop system of trajectory tracking control plant is proved to be globally asymptotically stable by using Lyapunov theory. By comparing with traditional backstepping control and SMC design, the results obtained demonstrate the capacity of the airship to execute a realistic trajectory tracking mission, even in the presence of unknown disturbances, and aerodynamic coefficient uncertainties.     

SiC/CVD SiC复合涂层的抗氧化及抗热震性能研究

为了提高C/SiC复合材料耐高温性能,采用泥浆浸渍裂解与真空化学气相沉积(CVD)在材料表面制备了SiC/CVD SiC复合涂层,通过XRD、SEM分析了涂层组成与结构;研究了复合涂层的高温抗氧化(700～1 500℃)和抗热震性能。结果表明,泥浆浸渍法制备的SiC涂层具有一定的封孔效果,可使材料开孔率下降,但高温抗氧化效果并不佳,1 200℃氧化10 min后材料弯曲强度保留率下降明显仅有86%。CVD SiC涂层结构致密,与SiC封孔涂层结合较好,在700～1 500℃具有较好的抗氧化效果,随着氧化温度的升高,氧化后涂层完好,表面O元素逐渐增加,材料失重率缓慢增加但不大于0.5%,且材料性能并未下降。涂层材料在1 200℃-10 min短时热震5次后材料弯曲强度保留率仍有95%以上,且未出现开裂、剥落等热震损伤。在1 200℃-30 min长时热震10次后,涂层材料基本被完全氧化,材料失去保护作用,弯曲强度下降至90%左右。     

同轴离心式喷嘴热声不稳定性递归分析

为获得同轴离心式喷嘴燃烧动力学特性，开展了喷注单元稳定性试验研究。试验中燃料流量不变，随氧化剂流量增加，热声系统依次经历了燃烧噪声状态、阵发状态和准周期振荡状态。采用递归方法对实验结果进行分析。首先，利用交互信息法和虚假最邻近法分别求解最优延迟时间和嵌入维数，获得了典型工况下的相空间轨迹图。其次，递归图分析表明系统出现了第II类阵发现象，意味着系统发生了亚临界Hopf分叉，与实验结果一致。最后，递归量化分析表明，确定率可以将阵发状态和准周期振荡状态与燃烧噪声状态区分出来，并可以对热声振荡进行预报。     

A new dynamic pushback control method for reducing fuel-burn costs: Using predicted taxi-out time

Long departure-taxi-out time leads to significant airport surface congestion, fuel-burn costs, and excessive emissions of greenhouse gases. To reduce these undesirable effects, a Predicted taxi-out time-based Dynamic Pushback Control(PDPC) method is proposed. The implementation of this method requires two steps: first, the taxi-out times for aircraft are predicted by the leastsquares support-vector regression approach of which the parameters are optimized by an introduced improved Firefly algorithm. Then, a dynamic pushback control model equipped with a linear gate-hold penalty function is built, along with a proposed iterative taxiway queue-threshold optimization algorithm for solving the model. A case study with data obtained from Beijing International airport(PEK) is presented. The taxi-out time prediction model achieves predictive accuracy within 3 min and 5 min by 84.71% and 95.66%, respectively. The results of the proposed pushback method show that total operation cost and fuel-burn cost achieve a 14.0% and 21.1%reduction, respectively, as compared to the traditional K-control policy.(3) From the perspective of implementation, using PDPC policy can significantly reduce the queue length in taxiway and taxi-out time. The total operation cost and fuel-burn cost can be curtailed by 37.2% and 52.1%,respectively, as compared to the non-enforcement of any pushback control mechanism. These results show that the proposed pushback control model can reduce fuel-burn costs and airport surface congestion effectively.     

北斗空间信号误差统计特征及描述方法研究

通过对比北斗卫星导航系统(BeiDou Navigation Satellite System,BDS)广播星历与事后精密星历,提取了轨道和卫星时钟误差。基于北斗轨道误差及北斗卫星时钟误差统计特征分析,构建区别于全球定位系统(Global Positioning System,GPS)的BDS空间信号用户测距误差(Signal-In-Space User Range Error,SISRE)描述方法,对BDS广播星历中用户测距精度(User Range Accuracy,URA)进行了验证。6个月的北斗数据测试结果表明,北斗GEO、IGSO和MEO卫星的URA分别为3.0m、1.9m和1.6m。     

飞机动态推出控制策略仿真优化模型

机场离港运行的无序化造成滑行过程中的长时间排队等待及大量燃油浪费。为了减少燃油消耗和废气排放,在已有的动态推出控制策略基础上提出了阶梯函数控制策略(Step function,SPC)和非线性函数动态推出策略(Nonlinear function,NPC)的一般形式,以离港成本为目标,建立了基于停机位等待惩罚的动态推出控制模型,在不延误的前提下提出了一种基于网格参数优化的蒙特卡洛仿真优化算法。通过北京首都机场实际运行数据对推出过程进行仿真计算,并与无控制策略以及传统N-control策略的最优可达解进行仿真对比,结果表明:在不延误的前提下,提出的推出策略可以更加有效地降低平均滑行道滑行时间,NPC策略的离港运行成本和燃油成本可降低45.52%和54.23%,SPC虽然成本节省劣于NPC策略,但是其简单的操作方式可以为离港推出调度方式的改进提供决策支持。     

Numerical Analysis of Dry Friction-Induced Vibration of Moving Slider-Elastic Annular Beam System

A disc-pad friction system is modelled as that two moving pads act symmetrically on an annular beam with flexible boundary condition.Simulation procedure is proposed to deal with the moving interactions and calculation is carried out by using the finite difference method,which shows that only the first-order mode vibration of the beam can be induced.Then the partial differential equation of motion of the disk is reduced to a first-order mode vibration system with time-varying stiffness.As the disk speed is decreased below the critical speeds,the relative equilibrium of the pad on the disk loses its stability and stick-slip type limit cycle vibrations are resulted in all directions′movements.Acceleration of the disk motion on the frictional instability is also investigated.The period of stick-slip vibration with large amplitude will be shortened with higher moving deceleration.