飞机动态推出控制策略仿真优化模型

机场离港运行的无序化造成滑行过程中的长时间排队等待及大量燃油浪费。为了减少燃油消耗和废气排放,在已有的动态推出控制策略基础上提出了阶梯函数控制策略(Step function,SPC)和非线性函数动态推出策略(Nonlinear function,NPC)的一般形式,以离港成本为目标,建立了基于停机位等待惩罚的动态推出控制模型,在不延误的前提下提出了一种基于网格参数优化的蒙特卡洛仿真优化算法。通过北京首都机场实际运行数据对推出过程进行仿真计算,并与无控制策略以及传统N-control策略的最优可达解进行仿真对比,结果表明:在不延误的前提下,提出的推出策略可以更加有效地降低平均滑行道滑行时间,NPC策略的离港运行成本和燃油成本可降低45.52%和54.23%,SPC虽然成本节省劣于NPC策略,但是其简单的操作方式可以为离港推出调度方式的改进提供决策支持。

An Optimal Simulation Model of Aircraft Dynamic Pushback Control Strategies

The disorder of departure operation in airports leads to long taxi-out waiting time and waste of fuel burn. In order to reduce the fuel burn cost and pollution, two general forms of aircraft departure dynamic pushback control strateies, step function (SPC) and nonlinear function (NPC), are proposed. These strategies manage to control the aircraft pushback rate with not only the taxiway queue length threshold but also the change of the current taxiway queue length, so that the waiting time on taxiway with engine is transferred into gate-hold time. The pushback control model based on gate-hold penalty is built to reduce of departure operation cost. The strategy is analyzed. A Monte Carlo simulation algorithm based on gridding parameter optimization is designed with the precondition of on-time departure. Departure performance data of Beijing International Airport is used to simulate the departure pushback process and its results of each dynamic strategy are compared with that of static N-control strategy. The results show that reasonable choice of the parameters and taxiway queue length threshold could benefit the efficiency of pushback control strategies and the proposed NPC strategy can curtail the average taxi-out time, and reduce departure operation cost and fuel burn by 45.52% and 54.23%, respectively. Although the cost reduction of SPC is higher than that of NPC, the convenient mode of operation can provide decision support for managers of airports.