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Nikos Prantzos 《Space Science Reviews》2008,135(1-4):313-322
The concept of Galactic Habitable Zone (GHZ) was introduced a few years ago as an extension of the much older concept of Circumstellar Habitable Zone. However, the physical processes underlying the former concept are hard to identify and even harder to quantify. That difficulty does not allow us, at present, to draw any significant conclusions about the extent of the GHZ: it may well be that the entire Milky Way disk is suitable for complex life. 相似文献
2.
Nikos Mastrodemos Daniel G. Kubitschek Stephen P. Synnott 《Space Science Reviews》2005,117(1-2):95-121
The engineering goal of the Deep Impact mission is to impact comet Tempel 1 on July 4, 2005, with a 370 kg active Impactor
spacecraft (s/c). The impact velocity will be just over 10 km/s and is expected to excavate a crater approximately 20 m deep
and 100 m wide. The Impactor s/c will be delivered to the vicinity of Tempel 1 by the Flyby s/c, which is also the key observing
platform for the event. Following Impactor release, the Flyby will change course to pass the nucleus at an altitude of 500
km and at the same time slow down in order to allow approximately 800 s of observation of the impact event, ejecta plume expansion,
and crater formation. Deep Impact will use the autonomous optical navigation (AutoNav) software system to guide the Impactor
s/c to intercept the nucleus of Tempel 1 at a location that is illuminated and viewable from the Flyby. The Flyby s/c uses
identical software to determine its comet-relative trajectory and provide the attitude determination and control system (ADCS)
with the relative position information necessary to point the High Resolution Imager (HRI) and Medium Resolution Imager (MRI)
instruments at the impact site during the encounter. This paper describes the Impactor s/c autonomous targeting design and
the Flyby s/c autonomous tracking design, including image processing and navigation (trajectory estimation and maneuver computation).
We also discuss the analysis that led to the current design, the expected system performance as compared to the key mission
requirements and the sensitivity to various s/c subsystems and Tempel 1 environmental factors. 相似文献
3.
N. Prantzos 《Space Science Reviews》2007,130(1-4):27-42
After a short historical (and highly subjective) introduction to the field, I discuss our current understanding of the origin
and evolution of the light nuclides D, 3He, 4He, 6Li, 7Li, 9Be, 10B and 11B. Despite considerable observational and theoretical progress, important uncertainties still persist for each and every one
of those nuclides. The present-day abundance of D in the local interstellar medium is currently uncertain, making it difficult
to infer the recent chemical evolution of the solar neighborhood. To account for the observed quasi-constancy of 3He abundance from the Big Bang to our days, the stellar production of that nuclide must be negligible; however, the scarce observations of its abundance in planetary nebulae seem to contradict this idea. The observed
Be and B evolution as primaries suggests that the source composition of cosmic rays has remained ∼constant since the early
days of the Galaxy, a suggestion with far reaching implications for the origin of cosmic rays; however, the main idea proposed
to account for that constancy, namely that superbubbles are at the source of cosmic rays, encounters some serious difficulties.
The best explanation for the mismatch between primordial Li and the observed “Spite-plateau” in halo stars appears to be depletion
of Li in stellar envelopes, by some yet poorly understood mechanism. But this explanation impacts on the level of the recently
discovered early “6Li plateau”, which (if confirmed), seriously challenges current ideas of cosmic ray nucleosynthesis. 相似文献
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A brief review is presented of our current understanding of the evolution of the Milky Way disk and of its relevance to "cosmic chemical evolution" studies. The implications of this understanding for the evolution of deuterium are emphasized. 相似文献
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