Simulation analysis for effects of bone loss on acceleration tolerance of human lumbar vertebra

The purpose of the present study was to analyze and predict the changes in acceleration tolerance of human vertebra as a result of bone loss caused by long-term space flight. A human L3–L4 vertebra FEM model was constructed, in which the cancellous bone was separated, and surrounding ligaments were also taken into account. The simulation results demonstrated that bone loss has more of an effect on the acceleration tolerance in x-direction. The results serve to aid in the creation of new acceleration tolerance standards, ensuring astronauts return home safely after long-term space flight. This study shows that more attention should be focused on the bone degradation of crew members and to create new protective designs for space capsules in the future.     

A method of estimating GPS instrumental biases with a convolution algorithm

This paper presents a method of deriving the instrumental differential code biases (DCBs) of GPS satellites and dual frequency receivers. Considering that the total electron content (TEC) varies smoothly over a small area, one ionospheric pierce point (IPP) and four more nearby IPPs were selected to build an equation with a convolution algorithm. In addition, unknown DCB parameters were arranged into a set of equations with GPS observations in a day unit by assuming that DCBs do not vary within a day. Then, the DCBs of satellites and receivers were determined by solving the equation set with the least-squares fitting technique. The performance of this method is examined by applying it to 361?days in 2014 using the observation data from 1311 GPS Earth Observation Network (GEONET) receivers. The result was crosswise-compared with the DCB estimated by the mesh method and the IONEX products from the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE). The DCB values derived by this method agree with those of the mesh method and the CODE products, with biases of 0.091?ns and 0.321?ns, respectively. The convolution method's accuracy and stability were quite good and showed improvements over the mesh method.     

配对进近模式分析及研究进展

配对进近模式是在近距平行跑道上运行的,旨在提高仪表气象条件下的进场效率的一种高效进近模 式,该模式的完整流程在国内鲜有阐述。本文重点分析配对进近程序在近距平行跑道上运行时各阶段的流程, 以及配对进近程序的实施对机型、设备以及人员的具体要求;结合目前国内近距平行跑道的运行情况,国际上 对配对进近模式的研究和应用现状,指出我国引进配对进近模式的迫切性以及该模式今后的研究和发展趋势。     

航空锂电池适航审定规章解读及符合性方法研究

锂离子电池作为动力电池有着优异的性能,在民航行业上有广阔的应用前景。但行业对其技术特征 和安全风险的认识还不充分,现行的规章条款缺乏足够的安全要求,国外局方针对锂离子电池颁发了专用条 件,但回顾相关事故可以发现,锂离子电池的验证和审查环节还不完善,相关条款更新修正的步伐也同锂电池 的发展现状和技术水平不相适应。以航空锂电池事故为例,分析航空锂离子电池作为动力电池的安全性风险, 从对现有规章条款和专用条件的解读出发,借鉴不同行业近年来积累的锂电池验证和使用经验,针对航空动力 锂电池的适航符合性方法提出一些改进方案,可作为现有锂电池适航符合性方法的有益补充,为自主建立健全 适航验证规范体系做出探索。     

基于等效理论的蜂窝夹层板强度等效分析

通过采用三明治夹芯板等效方法计算,得到了等效物理参数,建立了三明治夹芯蜂窝板的有限元模型,完成了蜂窝夹层板模型的静力分析和随机振动分析,并对试验样机进行了静力与随机振动分析和试验验证。结果表明:基于三明治夹芯板等效理论建立的有限元模型能够准确反映蜂窝夹层板的静强度特性和结构动特性,静力应变值结果误差小于4%,振动固有频率结果误差小于5%,偏差较小,表明所建模型合理、准确。     

液体火箭发动机推进剂泵诱导轮与离心轮的匹配

为获得诱导轮离心轮周向匹配的时序效应对离心泵外特性以及压力脉动的影响规律，阐释相关作用机制，采用基于分离涡仿真（DES）的离心泵三维全流道数值仿真方法，引入熵产理论以及压力脉动强度系数等先进分析方法对不同匹配角度下离心泵内能量损失机制及压力脉动特性进行了研究。结果表明：离心轮诱导轮的时序效应对泵外特性有一定的影响，随着匹配角度的增加，扬程和效率均呈现先减小后缓慢增大的趋势，扬程变化为0.8%，效率变化为1.2%，其影响机制由不同匹配角度下叶轮通道分离涡、叶轮叶片尾迹以及靠近隔舌处扩压器通道回流涡变化决定；时序效应对离心轮扩压器动静干涉效应影响显著，当诱导轮叶片尾缘位于离心轮相邻主叶片中间位置时，能够有效消除3倍频成分，显著降低泵内压力脉动水平，其中动静干涉区域以及隔舌处扩压器叶片表面压力脉动平均降幅分别达到14.5%和16.7%。