Specific grinding energy and surface roughness of nanoparticle jet minimum quantity lubrication in grinding

Nanoparticles with the anti-wear and friction reducing features were applied as cooling lubricant in the grinding fluid. Dry grinding, flood grinding, minimal quantity of lubrication（MQL）, and nanoparticle jet MQL were used in the grinding experiments. The specific grinding energy of dry grinding, flood grinding and MQL were 84, 29.8, 45.5 J/mm³, respectively. The specific grinding energy significantly decreased to 32.7 J/mm³ in nanoparticle MQL. Compared with dry grinding, the surface roughness values of flood grinding, MQL, and nanoparticle jet MQL were significantly reduced with the surface topography profile values reduced by 11%, 2.5%, and 10%,respectively, and the ten point height of microcosmic unflatness values reduced by 1.5%, 0.5%,and 1.3%, respectively. These results verified the satisfactory lubrication effects of nanoparticle MQL. MoS₂, carbon nanotube（CNT）, and ZrO₂ nanoparticles were also added in the grinding fluid of nanoparticle jet MQL to analyze their grinding surface lubrication effects. The specific grinding energy of MoS₂ nanoparticle was only 32.7 J/mm³, which was 8.22% and 10.39% lower than those of the other two nanoparticles. Moreover, the surface roughness of workpiece was also smaller with MoS₂ nanoparticle, which indicated its remarkable lubrication effects. Furthermore,the role of MoS₂ particles in the grinding surface lubrication at different nanoparticle volume concentrations was analyzed. MoS₂ volume concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% were used.Experimental results revealed that the specific grinding energy and the workpiece surface roughness initially increased and then decreased as MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration increased.Satisfactory grinding surface lubrication effects were obtained with 2% MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration.     

Grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient in MQL grinding of high-temperature nickel-base alloy by using different vegetable oils as base oil

Vegetable oil can be used as a base oil in minimal quantity of lubrication(MQL). This study compared the performances of MQL grinding by using castor oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil, and palm oil as base oils. A K-P36 numerical-control precision surface grinder was used to perform plain grinding on a workpiece material with a high-temperature nickel base alloy. A YDM–III 99 three-dimensional dynamometer was used to measure grinding force,and a clip-type thermocouple was used to determine grinding temperature. The grinding force, grinding temperature, and energy ratio coefficient of MQL grinding were compared among the seven vegetable oil types. Results revealed that(1) castor oil-based MQL grinding yields the lowest grinding force but exhibits the highest grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient;(2) palm oil-based MQL grinding generates the second lowest grinding force but shows the lowest grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient;(3) MQL grinding based on the five other vegetable oils produces similar grinding forces, grinding temperatures, and energy ratio coefficients, with values ranging between those of castor oil and palm oil;(4) viscosity significantly influences grinding force and grinding temperature to a greater extent than fatty acid varieties and contents in vegetable oils;(5) although more viscous vegetable oil exhibits greater lubrication and significantly lower grinding force than less viscous vegetable oil, high viscosity reduces the heat exchange capability of vegetable oil and thus yields a high grinding temperature;(6) saturated fatty acid is a more efficient lubricant than unsaturated fatty acid; and(7) a short carbon chain transfers heat more effectively than a long carbon chain. Palm oil is the optimum base oil of MQL grinding, and this base oil yields 26.98 N tangential grinding force,87.10 N normal grinding force, 119.6 °C grinding temperature, and 42.7% energy ratio coefficient.     

现代民机新型灭火剂性能研究

对新型灭火剂研究背景和种类进行了简要介绍,对具有开发潜力的新型灭火剂的理化性能、毒性、腐蚀性、灭火性能、环保性能进行深入分析与研究。通过对新型灭火剂性能的研究,得出每种灭火剂的优缺点,筛选出适用于现代民机灭火系统的灭火剂。     

车载GPS/DR组合导航系统的信息融合新方案

总结了适用于车载 GPS/ DR组合导航系统的几种信息融合方法 ,提出一种可容错的新型联合卡尔曼滤波结构方案。针对系统重构和自适应调整的依据 ,提出一种新的分系统状态评估方法 ,定义了滤波器估计结果可信度的概念并给出对其进行模糊综合评判的方法。在此基础上进一步确定联合滤波模型的自适应信息分配准则 ,实时跑车数据处理结果表明 ,该方案大大提高了系统的导航精度和可靠性     

复合材料蜂窝夹芯板低速冲击后的压缩

对含低速冲击损伤的Nomex蜂窝夹芯板试件进行了压缩实验,用X光技术、热揭层技术和外观检测等对压缩破坏损伤发展的过程进行了研究,分析了压缩破坏机理,结果表明:剩余压缩强度随冲击能量的增加而减少;夹芯板的压缩破坏主要由前面板控制,前面板发生局部屈曲的载荷与板的压缩破坏载荷几乎相等;表面玻璃布不仅能减少冲击损伤,而且能使板内的损伤显露在表面,容易让人发现.     

缺口根部小裂纹疲劳扩展特性及闭合效应实验研究

 对LY12CZ铝合金缺口根部疲劳小裂纹闭合特性及扩展行为进行了实验研究。采用光学金相显微镜测量了小裂纹的起裂及扩展。通过测量裂尖后两岸显微硬度压痕随裂纹张开闭合的距离变化,建立了缺口根部角裂纹裂尖附近的裂纹张开位移和载荷的关系,以此确定裂纹的张开应力。根据测得的σ_(op)/σ_(max)及按Newman模型计算的σ_(op)/σ_(max),进行闭合效应修正后算得的小裂纹疲劳扩展速率与实验结果基本符合。在小裂纹的情况下,所得结果与Newman方法所得结果相比,更为接近实际情况。     

软件GNSS信号模拟器架构与中频信号生成

软件GNSS(Global Navigation Satellite Systems)信号模拟器对于GNSS接收机的高效研发将做出重要贡献,因其结构灵活、开放性以及低成本.以GPS/Galileo组合系统为例,讨论了软件GNSS中频信号模拟器的架构,主要功能模块包括卫星星座仿真、接收机轨迹生成、传播通道特性仿真(包括电离层模型、对流层模型、多径模型等)、数字中频信号生成.在此基础上,着重阐述了数字中频信号生成模块的实现,功率谱图及分析结果验证了所生成的信号,包括GPS L1 C/A,Galileo E1 CBOC(Composite Binary Offset Carrier),Galileo E5a和E5b信号.     

低速冲击后复合材料蜂窝夹芯板的疲劳特性

对含低速冲击损伤的蜂窝夹芯板试样进行了拉－拉、压－压和拉－压等３种疲劳试验,以及疲劳后的静载拉伸、压缩破坏试验。用Ｘ光技术、热揭层技术和外观检测等对疲劳损伤的扩展和疲劳后静载的破坏进行了研究,分析了疲劳损伤对蜂窝夹芯板性能的影响。结果表明,低速冲击后蜂窝夹芯板单向疲劳性能良好,而双向疲劳性能可能较差。     

Low-cost precise measurement of oscillator frequency instability based on GNSS carrier observation

Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) receivers can be used in time and frequency metrology by exploiting stable GNSS time scales. This paper proposes a low-cost method for precise measurement of oscillator frequency instability using a single-frequency software GNSS receiver. The only required hardware is a common radio frequency (RF) data collection device driven by the oscillator under test (OUT). The receiver solves the oscillator frequency error in high time resolution using the carrier Doppler observation and the broadcast ephemeris from one of the available satellites employing the onboard reference atomic frequency standard that is more stable than the OUT. Considering the non-stable and non-Gaussian properties of the frequency error measurement, an unbiased finite impulse response (FIR) filter is employed to obtain robust estimation and filter out measurement noise. The effects of different filter orders and convolution lengths are further discussed. The frequency error of an oven controlled oscillator (OCXO) is measured using live Beidou-2/Compass signals. The results are compared with the synchronous measurement using a specialized phase comparator with the standard coordinated universal time (UTC) signal from the master clock H226 in the national time service center (NTSC) of China as its reference. The Allan deviation (ADEV) estimates using the two methods have a 99.9% correlation coefficient and a 0.6% mean relative difference over 1–1000 s intervals. The experiment demonstrates the effectiveness and high precision of the software receiver method.     

最新东亚安全报告——“联兴”94-1号两栖登陆操演

台湾海军陆战队66旅北调林口负责台北卫戌任务后。8月17日清晨首度在林口宝斗厝沿海实施“联兴”94-1号海空联合两栖登陆操演。“联兴”操演过去一向选在屏东加禄堂海边举行，这次是在海陆66旅移防后首次移至北部海岸实施，藉以测验北部台湾若遭到攻击时，南部的海军陆战队能否北上驰援。另外就守备军的角色而言，登陆部队则模拟攻方。验证守备军的反登陆能力。