排序方式: 共有18条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Karl-Heinz Glassmeier Ingo Richter Andrea Diedrich Günter Musmann Uli Auster Uwe Motschmann Andre Balogh Chris Carr Emanuele Cupido Andrew Coates Martin Rother Konrad Schwingenschuh Karoly Szegö Bruce Tsurutani 《Space Science Reviews》2007,128(1-4):649-670
The fluxgate magnetometer experiment onboard the ROSETTA spacecraft aims to measure the magnetic field in the interaction
region of the solar wind plasma with comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. It consists of a system of two ultra light (about 28
g each ) triaxial fluxgate magnetometer sensors, mounted on the 1.5 m long spacecraft boom. The measurement range of each
sensor is ±16384 nT with quantization steps of 31 pT. The magnetometer sensors are operated with a time resolution of up to
0.05 s, corresponding to a bandwidth of 0–10 Hz. This performance of the RPC-MAG sensors allows detailed analyses of magnetic
field variations in the cometary environment. RPC-MAG furthermore is designed to study possible remnant magnetic fields of
the nucleus, measurements which will be done in close cooperation with the ROSETTA lander magnetometer experiment ROMAP. 相似文献
2.
R.A. Gowen A. Smith A.D. Fortes S. Barber P. Brown P. Church G. Collinson A.J. Coates G. Collins I.A. Crawford V. Dehant J. Chela-Flores A.D. Griffiths P.M. Grindrod L.I. Gurvits A. Hagermann H. Hussmann R. Jaumann A.P. Jones K.H. Joy O. Karatekin K. Miljkovic E. Palomba W.T. Pike O. Prieto-Ballesteros F. Raulin M.A. Sephton S. Sheridan M. Sims M.C. Storrie-Lombardi R. Ambrosi J. Fielding G. Fraser Y. Gao G.H. Jones G. Kargl W.J. Karl A. Macagnano A. Mukherjee J.P. Muller A. Phipps D. Pullan L. Richter F. Sohl J. Snape J. Sykes N. Wells 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2011
3.
H.Y. Wei C.T. Russell M.K. Dougherty Y.J. Ma K.C. Hansen H.J. McAndrews A. Wellbrock A.J. Coates M.F. Thomsen D.T. Young 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2011
Observations of unusually large magnetic fields in the ionosphere indicate periods of maximum stress on Titan’s ionosphere and potentially of the strongest loss rates of ionospheric plasma. During Titan flyby T42, the observed magnetic field attained a maximum value of 37 nT between an altitude of 1200 and 1600 km, about 20 nT stronger than on any other Titan pass and close to five times greater in magnetic pressure. The strong fields occurred near the corotation-flow terminator rather than at the sub-flow point, suggesting that the flow which magnetized the ionosphere was from a direction far from corotation and possibly towards Saturn. Extrapolation of solar wind plasma conditions from Earth to Saturn using the University of Michigan MHD code predicts an enhanced solar wind dynamic pressure at Saturn close to this time. Cassini’s earlier exits from Saturn’s magnetosphere support this prediction because the Cassini Plasma Spectrometer instrument saw a magnetopause crossing three hours before the strong field observation. Thus it appears that Titan’s ionosphere was magnetized when the enhanced solar wind dynamic pressure compressed the Saturnian magnetosphere, and perhaps the magnetosheath magnetic field, against Titan. The solar wind pressure then decreased, leaving a strong fossil field in the ionosphere. When observed, this strong magnetic flux tube had begun to twist, further enhancing its strength. 相似文献
4.
5.
H. Nilsson E. Carlsson H. Gunell Y. Futaana S. Barabash R. Lundin A. Fedorov Y. Soobiah A. Coates M. Fränz E. Roussos 《Space Science Reviews》2006,126(1-4):355-372
Using data from the Mars Express Ion Mass Analyzer (IMA) we investigate the distribution of ion beams of planetary origin
and search for an influence from Mars crustal magnetic anomalies. We have concentrated on ion beams observed inside the induced
magnetosphere boundary (magnetic pile-up boundary). Some north-south asymmetry is seen in the data, but no longitudinal structure
resembling that of the crustal anomalies. Comparing the occurrence rate of ion beams with magnetic field strength at 400 km
altitude below the spacecraft (using statistical Mars Global Surveyor results) shows a decrease of the occurrence rate for
modest (< 40 nT) magnetic fields. Higher magnetic field regions (above 40 nT at 400 km) are sampled so seldom that the statistics
are poor but the data is consistent with some ion outflow events being closely associated with the stronger anomalies. This
ion flow does not significantly affect the overall distribution of ion beams around Mars. 相似文献
6.
M. Yamauchi Y. Futaana A. Fedorov E. Dubinin R. Lundin J.-A. Sauvaud D. Winningham R. Frahm S. Barabash M. Holmstrom J. Woch M. Fraenz E. Budnik H. Borg J. R. Sharber A. J. Coates Y. Soobiah H. Koskinen E. Kallio K. Asamura H. Hayakawa C. Curtis K. C. Hsieh B. R. Sandel M. Grande A. Grigoriev P. Wurz S. Orsini P. Brandt S. Mckenna-Lawler J. Kozyra J. Luhmann 《Space Science Reviews》2006,126(1-4):239-266
Although the Mars Express (MEX) does not carry a magnetometer, it is in principle possible to derive the interplanetary magnetic
field (IMF) orientation from the three dimensional velocity distribution of pick-up ions measured by the Ion Mass Analyser
(IMA) on board MEX because pick-up ions' orbits, in velocity phase space, are expected to gyrate around the IMF when the IMF
is relatively uniform on a scale larger than the proton gyroradius. During bow shock outbound crossings, MEX often observed
cycloid distributions (two dimensional partial ring distributions in velocity phase space) of protons in a narrow channel
of the IMA detector (only one azimuth for many polar angles). We show two such examples. Three different methods are used
to derive the IMF orientation from the observed cycloid distributions. One method is intuitive (intuitive method), while the
others derive the minimum variance direction of the velocity vectors for the observed ring ions. These velocity vectors are
selected either manually (manual method) or automatically using simple filters (automatic method). While the intuitive method
and the manual method provide similar IMF orientations by which the observed cycloid distribution is well arranged into a
partial circle (representing gyration) and constant parallel velocity, the automatic method failed to arrange the data to
the degree of the manual method, yielding about a 30° offset in the estimated IMF direction. The uncertainty of the derived
IMF orientation is strongly affected by the instrument resolution. The source population for these ring distributions is most
likely newly ionized hydrogen atoms, which are picked up by the solar wind. 相似文献
7.
R. A. Frahm J. R. Sharber J. D. Winningham P. Wurz M. W. Liemohn E. Kallio M. Yamauchi R. Lundin S. Barabash A. J. Coates D. R. Linder J. U. Kozyra M. Holmström S. J. Jeffers H. Andersson S. Mckenna-Lawler 《Space Science Reviews》2006,126(1-4):389-402
By identifying peaks in the photoelectron spectrum produced by photoionization of CO2 in the Martian atmosphere, we have conducted a pilot study to determine the locations of these photoelectrons in the space
around Mars. The significant result of this study is that these photoelectrons populate a region around Mars bounded externally
by the magnetic pileup boundary, and internally by the lowest altitude of our measurements (∼250 km) on the dayside and by
a cylinder of approximately the planetary radius on the nightside. It is particularly noteworthy that the photoelectrons on
the nightside are observed from the terminator plane tailward to a distance of ∼3 R
M, the Mars Express apoapsis. The presence of the atmospherically generated photoelectrons on the nightside of Mars may be
explained by direct magnetic field line connection between the nightside observation locations and the Martian dayside ionosphere.
Thus the characteristic photoelectron peaks may be used as tracers of magnetic field lines for the study of the magnetic field
configuration and particle transport in the Martian environment. 相似文献
8.
C. S. Arridge N. Andr�� C. L. Bertucci P. Garnier C. M. Jackman Z. N��meth A. M. Rymer N. Sergis K. Szego A. J. Coates F. J. Crary 《Space Science Reviews》2011,162(1-4):25-83
The formation of Titan??s induced magnetosphere is a unique and important example in the solar system of a plasma-moon interaction where the moon has a substantial atmosphere. The field and particle conditions upstream of Titan are important in controlling the interaction and also play a strong role in modulating the chemistry of the ionosphere. In this paper we review Titan??s plasma interaction to identify important upstream parameters and review the physics of Saturn??s magnetosphere near Titan??s orbit to highlight how these upstream parameters may vary. We discuss the conditions upstream of Saturn in the solar wind and the conditions found in Saturn??s magnetosheath. Statistical work on Titan??s upstream magnetospheric fields and particles are discussed. Finally, various classification schemes are presented and combined into a single list of Cassini Titan encounter classes which is also used to highlight differences between these classification schemes. 相似文献
9.
The high flux of cosmic rays onto the unshielded surface of Mars poses a significant hazard to the survival of martian microbial life. Here, we determined the survival responses of several bacterial strains to ionizing radiation exposure while frozen at a low temperature characteristic of the martian near-subsurface. Novel psychrotolerant bacterial strains were isolated from the Antarctic Dry Valleys, an environmental analogue of the martian surface, and identified by 16S rRNA gene phylogeny as representatives of Brevundimonas, Rhodococcus, and Pseudomonas genera. These isolates, in addition to the known radioresistant extremophile Deinococcus radiodurans, were exposed to gamma rays while frozen on dry ice (-79°C). We found D. radiodurans to exhibit far greater radiation resistance when irradiated at -79°C than was observed in similar studies performed at higher temperatures. This greater radiation resistance has important implications for the estimation of potential survival times of microorganisms near the martian surface. Furthermore, the most radiation resistant of these Dry Valley isolates, Brevundimonas sp. MV.7, was found to show 99% 16S rRNA gene similarity to contaminant bacteria discovered in clean rooms at both Kennedy and Johnson Space Centers and so is of prime concern to efforts in the planetary protection of Mars from our lander probes. Results from this experimental irradiation, combined with previous radiation modeling, indicate that Brevundimonas sp. MV.7 emplaced only 30?cm deep in martian dust could survive the cosmic radiation for up to 100,000 years before suffering 10? population reduction. 相似文献
10.
The Analyzer of Space Plasmas and Energetic Atoms (ASPERA-3) for the Mars Express Mission 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
S. Barabash R. Lundin H. Andersson K. Brinkfeldt A. Grigoriev H. Gunell M. Holmström M. Yamauchi K. Asamura P. Bochsler P. Wurz R. Cerulli-Irelli A. Mura A. Milillo M. Maggi S. Orsini A. J. Coates D. R. Linder D. O. Kataria C. C. Curtis K. C. Hsieh B. R. Sandel R. A. Frahm J. R. Sharber J. D. Winningham M. Grande E. Kallio H. Koskinen P. Riihelä W. Schmidt T. Säles J. U. Kozyra N. Krupp J. Woch S. Livi J. G. Luhmann S. McKenna-Lawlor E. C. Roelof D. J. Williams J.-A. Sauvaud A. Fedorov J.-J. Thocaven 《Space Science Reviews》2006,126(1-4):113-164
The general scientific objective of the ASPERA-3 experiment is to study the solar wind – atmosphere interaction and to characterize
the plasma and neutral gas environment with within the space near Mars through the use of energetic neutral atom (ENA) imaging
and measuring local ion and electron plasma. The ASPERA-3 instrument comprises four sensors: two ENA sensors, one electron
spectrometer, and one ion spectrometer. The Neutral Particle Imager (NPI) provides measurements of the integral ENA flux (0.1–60
keV) with no mass and energy resolution, but high angular resolution. The measurement principle is based on registering products
(secondary ions, sputtered neutrals, reflected neutrals) of the ENA interaction with a graphite-coated surface. The Neutral
Particle Detector (NPD) provides measurements of the ENA flux, resolving velocity (the hydrogen energy range is 0.1–10 keV)
and mass (H and O) with a coarse angular resolution. The measurement principle is based on the surface reflection technique.
The Electron Spectrometer (ELS) is a standard top-hat electrostatic analyzer in a very compact design which covers the energy
range 0.01–20 keV. These three sensors are located on a scanning platform which provides scanning through 180∘ of rotation. The instrument also contains an ion mass analyzer (IMA). Mechanically IMA is a separate unit connected by a
cable to the ASPERA-3 main unit. IMA provides ion measurements in the energy range 0.01–36 keV/charge for the main ion components
H+, He++, He+, O+, and the group of molecular ions 20–80 amu/q. ASPERA-3 also includes its own DC/DC converters and digital processing unit
(DPU). 相似文献