Impact of rain on wave retrieval from Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar images in tropical cyclones

The main objective of our work was to investigate the impact of rain on wave observations from C-band (~5.3 GHz) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) in tropical cyclones. In this study, 10 Sentinel-1 SAR images were available from the Satellite Hurricane Observation Campaign, which were taken under cyclonic conditions during the 2016 hurricane season. The third-generation wave model, known as Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) (version 41.31), was used to simulate the wave fields corresponding to these Sentinel-1 SAR images. In addition, rainfall data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite passing over the spatial coverage of the Sentinel-1 SAR images were collected. The simulated results were validated against significant wave heights (SWHs) from the Jason-2 altimeter and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts data, revealing a root mean square error (RMSE) of ~0.5 m with a 0.25 scatter index. Winds retrieved from the VH-polarized Sentinel-1 SAR images using the Sentinel-1 Extra Wide-swath Mode Wind Speed Retrieval Model after Noise Removal were taken as prior information for wave retrieval. It was discovered that rain did indeed affect the SAR wave retrieval, as evidenced by the 3.21-m RMSE of SWHs between the SAR images and the SWAN model, which was obtained for the ~1000 match-ups with raindrops. The raindrops dampened the wave retrieval when the rain rate was < ~5 mm/hr; however, they enhanced wave retrieval for higher rain rates. It was also found that the portion of the rain-induced ring wave with a wave number > 0.05 rad/m (~125 m wavelength) was clearly observed in the SAR-derived wave spectra.     

基于梯度提升决策树的量子科学实验卫星光学实验预测

量子科学实验卫星在轨运行期间完成4种光学实验，地面监测人员通过遥测参数阈值判断卫星是否进行光学实验、实验类型及实验结果.这种方法需要预先设定大量阈值，并且这些阈值需要根据在轨卫星重新设定，可扩展性较差.针对以上问题，提出一种基于机器学习的光学实验判别方法，将量子科学实验卫星的光学实验监测任务抽象为机器学习中的多元分类问题，构建分类模型，利用量子科学实验卫星的真实历史遥测数据对模型进行训练，并通过真实实验计划对训练得到的模型进行验证.实验结果表明，本文提出的方法在没有专家先验知识的前提下，判别准确率达到99%，可用于量子科学实验卫星光学实验的实时监测任务.提出的基于机器学习的判别方法具有较强的可扩展性，可应用于卫星在轨运行的其他监测任务.      

拦截高速目标的比例与反比例导引捕获区分析

针对拦截高速目标的作战特点，分析了比例导引(PN)与反比例导引(RPN)的捕获区。首先，通过分析拦截弹与目标的相对运动关系，推导得到了顺轨和逆轨的零控拦截条件，此条件由目标和拦截弹的速度前置角以及二者速度比确定；其次，以拦截弹和目标速度前置角为坐标系，推导得到了PN以及RPN捕获区以及各自导航比设置范围。PN的捕获区由逆轨零控拦截条件以及与其相切且斜率为1/(N-1)的两条直线构成，RPN的捕获区由顺轨零控拦截条件以及与其相切且斜率为1/(-N-1)的两条直线构成；然后，利用函数对称性将PN与RPN捕获区转换到同一坐标区间，得到了相同条件下RPN捕获区要大于PN捕获区的结论；最后，开展了四种情形下的仿真，验证了本文捕获区分析的合理性及有效性。     

Research on navigation of satellite constellation based on an asynchronous observation model using X-ray pulsar

Pulsar navigation is a promising navigation method for high-altitude orbit space tasks or deep space exploration. At present, an important reason for restricting the development of pulsar navigation is that navigation accuracy is not high due to the slow update of the measurements. In order to improve the accuracy of pulsar navigation, an asynchronous observation model which can improve the update rate of the measurements is proposed on the basis of satellite constellation which has a broad space for development because of its visibility and reliability. The simulation results show that the asynchronous observation model improves the positioning accuracy by 31.48% and velocity accuracy by 24.75% than that of the synchronous observation model. With the new Doppler effects compensation method in the asynchronous observation model proposed in this paper, the positioning accuracy is improved by 32.27%, and the velocity accuracy is improved by 34.07% than that of the traditional method. The simulation results show that without considering the clock error will result in a filtering divergence.     

刹车装置性能试验台系统设计

主要介绍了刹车装置性能试验台的实现机理、采用的方案,有助于增进对液压试验台设计和可编程控制器PLC应用方面的了解。     

关于CCSDS体制数据安全保护实施位置的探讨

主要阐述CCSDS（空间数据系统咨询委员会）标准的信息安全问题，重点是航天器安全，从分析空间数据面临的安全威胁出发，讨论了CCSDS不同安全实施位置的特点；并在此基础上，通过对CCSDS业务及数据结构的影响对比，总结出不同安全实施方法的优缺点，该结合对于采用CCSDS标准的空间数据系统如何解决信息安全问题，具有一定的参考价值。     

FET振荡器注入锁相伏特拉级数分析

应用伏特拉级数法分析了电容耦合ＦＥＴ振荡系统在外加信号下的注入锁定现象，推导出输出信号和注入锁定带宽表达式。与一般非线性系统分析方法相比，伏特拉级数法在建立好系统模型后只需进行代数运算，从而避开了求解非线性，非齐次高阶微分方程的复杂过程。     

关于平面激波在凹两段楔面上的传播

众所周知,当一平面激波同任意形状的障碍物相互作用时,将产生十分复杂的波系,其中激波在曲面壁上的绕射和反射,将产生非定常波系。关于平面激波在凹圆柱壁面上的传播,我们可以用一连串、长度为无限小的楔面所构成的多边形来近似和代替凹圆柱面,因此分析和研究激波在两段楔面上反射和绕射的目的在于得出激波在圆柱壁面以及其它较复杂形状壁面上的传播规律。本文采用马赫-曾德干涉仪在激波管上进行光测模型实验。根据所拍摄的流场干涉图像,以分析其波系的演变过程及传播规律,得到有关流场的密度分布和压力分布,更为重要的是给出流场参数的定量结果。     

高精度伺服系统基于Fuzzy决策的专家变模态控制

本文简要回顾了具有双积分模型的电流驱动直流机电伺服系统的传统设计方法，设计了基于Ｆｕｚｚｙ决策的专家变模态控制器。该控制器积累了伺服系统设计的一些经验，具有一定的“社会智能”，可以在系统运行的不同阶段自发地选用合适的控制律，组合简单的控制方法实现高品质控制。体现了将控制任务分解成子任务分阶段完成的思想。实例仿真及实验结果说明了该方法的有效性     

关于一维非定常气─固二相流特征理论的讨论

本文研究了一维非定常气－团二相流的特征，对于目前常用的、包含一定近似的运动方程组，它有两个虚部很小的复根，研究表明这种很小的虚部出现与方程中引入的近似有关。从十多个算例的结果看，这样的虚部不影响人们在工程计算中用该方程组求解初值问题。针对具有上述特征的气－团二相流方程组，本文发展了一种类特征线方法，它保留了双曲型方程特征线方法的若干优点，但它允许方程的特征根中有微小的虚部。含灰气体激波管流动的计算表明，类特征线法具有精度高、数值耗散和弥散小等优点