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Israel G. Cabane M. Brun J-F. Niemann H. Way S. Riedler W. Steller M. Raulin F. Coscia D. 《Space Science Reviews》2002,104(1-4):433-468
ACP's main objective is the chemical analysis of the aerosols in Titan's atmosphere. For this purpose, it will sample the
aerosols during descent and prepare the collected matter (by evaporation, pyrolysis and gas products transfer) for analysis
by the Huygens Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (GCMS). A sampling system is required for sampling the aerosols in the
135'32 km and 22'17 km altitude regions of Titan's atmosphere. A pump unit is used to force the gas flow through a filter.
In its sampling position, the filter front face extends a few mm beyond the inlet tube. The oven is a pyrolysis furnace where
a heating element can heat the filter and hence the sampled aerosols to 250 °C or 600 °C. The oven contains the filter, which
has a thimble-like shape (height 28 mm). For transferring effluent gas and pyrolysis products to GCMS, the carrier gas is
a labeled nitrogen 15N2, to avoid unwanted secondary reactions with Titan's atmospheric nitrogen.
Aeraulic tests under cold temperature conditions were conducted by using a cold gas test system developed by ONERA. The objective
of the test was to demonstrate the functional ability of the instrument during the descent of the probe and to understand
its thermal behavior, that is to test the performance of all its components, pump unit and mechanisms.
In order to validate ACP's scientific performance, pyrolysis tests were conducted at LISA on solid phase material synthesized
from experimental simulation. The chromatogram obtained by GCMS analysis shows many organic compounds. Some GC peaks appear
clearly from the total mass spectra, with specific ions well identified thanks to the very high sensitivity of the mass spectrometer.
The program selected for calibrating the flight model is directly linked to the GCMS calibration plan. In order not to pollute
the two flight models with products of solid samples such as tholins, we excluded any direct pyrolysis tests through the ACP
oven during the first phase of the calibration. Post probe descent simulation of flight results are planned, using the much
representative GCMS and ACP spare models.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Gillmann Cedric Way M. J. Avice Guillaume Breuer Doris Golabek Gregor J. Höning Dennis Krissansen-Totton Joshua Lammer Helmut O’Rourke Joseph G. Persson Moa Plesa Ana-Catalina Salvador Arnaud Scherf Manuel Zolotov Mikhail Y. 《Space Science Reviews》2022,218(7):1-21
Space Science Reviews - The BepiColombo Environment Radiation Monitor (BERM) on board the European Space Agency’s Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO), is designed to measure the radiation... 相似文献
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Niemann H.B. Atreya S.K. Bauer S.J. Biemann K. Block B. Carignan G.R. Donahue T.M. Frost R.L. Gautier D. Haberman J.A. Harpold D. Hunten D.M. Israel G. Lunine J.I. Mauersberger K. Owen T.C. Raulin F. Richards J.E. Way S.H. 《Space Science Reviews》2002,104(1-4):553-591
The Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (GCMS) on the Huygens Probe will measure the chemical composition of Titan's atmosphere
from 170 km altitude (∼1 hPa) to the surface (∼1500 hPa) and determine the isotope ratios of the major gaseous constituents.
The GCMS will also analyze gas samples from the Aerosol Collector Pyrolyser (ACP) and may be able to investigate the composition
(including isotope ratios) of several candidate surface materials.
The GCMS is a quadrupole mass filter with a secondary electron multiplier detection system and a gas sampling system providing
continuous direct atmospheric composition measurements and batch sampling through three gas chromatographic (GC) columns.
The mass spectrometer employs five ion sources sequentially feeding the mass analyzer. Three ion sources serve as detectors
for the GC columns and two are dedicated to direct atmosphere sampling and ACP gas sampling respectively. The instrument is
also equipped with a chemical scrubber cell for noble gas analysis and a sample enrichment cell for selective measurement
of high boiling point carbon containing constituents. The mass range is 2 to 141 Dalton and the nominal detection threshold
is at a mixing ratio of 10− 8. The data rate available from the Probe system is 885 bit/s. The weight of the instrument is 17.3 kg and the energy required
for warm up and 150 minutes of operation is 110 Watt-hours.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Westall F. Höning D. Avice G. Gentry D. Gerya T. Gillmann C. Izenberg N. Way M. J. Wilson C. 《Space Science Reviews》2023,219(2):1-53
Space Science Reviews - Venus today is inhospitable at the surface, its average temperature of 750 K being incompatible to the existence of life as we know it. However, the potential for... 相似文献
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