光纤陀螺在民用领域的应用与开发

本文对光纤陀螺在民用领域中的应用作了初步的探讨，并详细讨论了光纤陀螺在水坝体应变测试中模拟实验情况。     

传输型光学遥感器超模式斜采样新方法研究

文章简要介绍了超模式和斜模式采样的概念，结合超模式采样技术和斜模式采样技术，提出了一种新的传输型光学遥感器的采样方法，即超模式斜采样，该方法充分发挥了超模式和斜模式采样的优占、，在图像信噪比保持不变的情况下，地面采样间距大大缩短，遥感图像的空间分辨率可以大大提高。     

传输型光学遥感器斜模式采样新方法研究

文章介绍了实现超模式采样焦平面3种解决方案面临的技术难点，为避开器件问题提出了一种新的斜模式采样方法。以任意两维周期采样理论为基础分析了斜模式采样技术的物理原理，并通过实验手段验证了斜模式采样技术的可行性。试验结果表明：改变探测器推扫方向的采样间距符模式采样技术可以提高传输型光学遥感器图像的空间分辨率，该技术相对于超模式采样技术，工程实现上要简单。     

低轨卫星面阵凝视成像技术研究

文章介绍了面阵凝视成像的工作原理及特点，阐述了低轨卫星对地观测凝视成像面临的像移问题及其解决措施，对像移补偿装置与二维指向机构的结合做了初步探讨。     

Aqueous corrosion of phosphide minerals from iron meteorites: a highly reactive source of prebiotic phosphorus on the surface of the early Earth

We present the results of an experimental study of aqueous corrosion of Fe-phosphide under conditions relevant to the early Earth. The results strongly suggest that iron meteorites were an important source of reactive phosphorus (P), a requirement for the formation of P-based life. We further demonstrate that iron meteorites were an abundant source of phosphide minerals early in Earth history. Phosphide corrosion was studied in five different solutions: deionized water, deionized water buffered with sodium bicarbonate, deionized water with dissolved magnesium and calcium chlorides, deionized water containing ethanol and acetic acid, and deionized water containing the chlorides, ethanol, and acetic acid. Experiments were performed in the presence of both air and pure Ar gas to evaluate the effect of atmospheric chemistry. Phosphide corrosion in deionized water results in a metastable mixture of mixed-valence, P-bearing ions including pyrophosphate and triphosphate, key components for metabolism in modern life. In a pH-buffered solution of NaHCO(3), the condensed and reduced species diphosphonate is an abundant corrosion product. Corrosion in ethanol- and acetic acid-containing solutions yields additional P-bearing organic molecules, including acetyl phosphonate and a cyclic triphosphorus molecule. Phosphonate is a major corrosion product of all experiments and is the only P-bearing molecule that persists in solutions with high concentrations of magnesium and calcium chlorides, which suggests that phosphonate may have been a primitive oceanic source of P. The stability and reactivity of phosphonate and hypophosphite in solution were investigated to elucidate reaction mechanisms and the role of mineral catalysts on P-solution chemistry. Phosphonate oxidation is rapid in the presence of Fe metal but negligible in the presence of magnetite and in the control sample. The rate of hypophosphite oxidation is independent of reaction substrate.     

地球观测系统时代之后的成像光谱技术

地球观测系统(EOS)时代将向地球系统科学遥感界提供有关大气、陆地表面和海洋间相互作用的大量新信息。由EOS-1平台上的高分辨率成像光谱仪(HIRIS)等仪器提供的高光谱和空间分辨率图像将成为EOS数据集的重要组成部分。可以预料,利用EOS可以进一步认识地球,但也要求未来的传感器比现有的这一代传感器具有更高的灵活性和测量能力。声光可调谐滤光器(AOTF′S)良好的光谱灵活性、偏振选择性及简单性预示着它在未来的成像光谱仪上的重要应用。AOTF′S是致密、紧固的固态晶体,它可对两种偏振态进行快速的(毫秒级)、电控的光谱调谐。本文将讨论基于AOTF的成像光谱仪的基本原理。     

A sulfur-based survival strategy for putative phototrophic life in the venusian atmosphere

Several observations indicate that the cloud deck of the venusian atmosphere may provide a plausible refuge for microbial life. Having originated in a hot proto-ocean or been brought in by meteorites from Earth (or Mars), early life on Venus could have adapted to a dry, acidic atmospheric niche as the warming planet lost its oceans. The greatest obstacle for the survival of any organism in this niche may be high doses of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Here we make the argument that such an organism may utilize sulfur allotropes present in the venusian atmosphere, particularly S(8), as a UV sunscreen, as an energy-converting pigment, or as a means for converting UV light to lower frequencies that can be used for photosynthesis. Thus, life could exist today in the clouds of Venus.     

Production of neutrons from interactions of GCR-like particles

In order to help assess the risk to astronauts due to the long-term exposure to the natural radiation environment in space, an understanding of how the primary radiation field is changed when passing through shielding and tissue materials must be obtained. One important aspect of the change in the primary radiation field after passing through shielding materials is the production of secondary particles from the breakup of the primary. Neutrons are an important component of the secondary particle field due to their relatively high biological weighting factors, and due to their relative abundance, especially behind thick shielding scenarios. Because of the complexity of the problem, the estimation of the risk from exposure to the secondary neutron field must be handled using calculational techniques. However, those calculations will need an extensive set of neutron cross section and thicktarget neutron yield data in order to make an accurate assessment of the risk. In this paper we briefly survey the existing neutron-production data sets that are applicable to the space radiation transport problem, and we point out how neutron production from protons is different than neutron production from heavy ions. We also make comparisons of one the heavy-ion data sets with Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (BUU) calculations.     

光机扫描仪像质评价与优化设计

光机扫描仪通过光机扫描和平台运动获取图像。虽然推扫式成像仪应用越来越普遍,但光机扫描仪在很多领域一直广泛应用。文章对光机扫描仪的像质评价和优化设计问题进行了探讨。首先对光机扫描仪空间分辨率和辐射分辨率的评价方法和需求优化进行了探讨,然后以中巴地球资源卫星(CBERS)红外多光谱扫描仪(IRMSS)为例,介绍了通过对GSD、MTF和SNR进行折中考虑来对光机扫描仪进行优化设计的思路。     

红外多光谱扫描仪主体设计

文中简要介绍了中巴合作地球资源卫星(CBERS)红外多光谱扫描仪主体(简称扫描仪主体)的组成和工作原理。