IATA公布亏损情况并预测未来发展

美国和欧洲持久不散的经济衰退,加上不断恶化的失业、运力过剩及低票价困扰,使1990～1992年3年内国际航空运输协会(IATA)成员公司亏损115亿美元。 此次历时三年的航空运输史上最严重的亏损中包括1992年亏损的48亿美元。据IATA去年11月初公布的1993年度报告,使人感到吃惊的是去年成员公司的亏损额低于1992年的一半。定期国际航班三年累积高达115亿美元的亏损已抵消了其开辟以来所创造的全部利润,并且严重影响着不断恶化、疲软的国内国际定期航空运输市场。 但1992年IATA成员公司的国际国内航班的载客量比1991年增长5.7％,达到9.558亿人次,而1991年与1990年相比则下降了4.2％。1992年乘坐国际航班的旅客人数与1991年持平,表明航空公司的运力过剩依然存在。载运率的盈亏平衡点比     

MX导弹喷管用先进材料评论

目前正在进行研制石墨材料,准备用于MX 第一级和第二级固体火箭喷管的入口部,喉部,后喉部,出口锥和可延伸出口锥。这些材料必须经受住新型洲际弹道导弹(ICBM)喷管系统的苛刻的结构、化学侵蚀,粒子冲刷和高温环境。该系统的燃烧室压力可达127公斤/厘米~2,火焰温度为3700°K 至3922°K。叙述了第一级和第二级全尺寸试验喷管的现状。还提出了在喷管设计、石墨材料研制以及预期性能改进方面进一步工作的方向。     

雷达的目标识别技术

对雷达自动目标识别技术和雷达目标识别过程进行了简要回顾。研究了相控阵雷达系统中多目标跟踪识别的重复检测问题。提出了角度相关区算法，分析了实现中的若干问题。通过在相控阵雷达地址系统中进汀的地址实验和结果分析表明，采用角度相关区算法对重复检测的回波数据进行处理时，将使识别的目标信息更精确，从而能更早地形成稳定的航迹，达到对目标的准确识别。     

The Interplanetary Internet: a communications infrastructure for Mars exploration

A strategy is being developed whereby the current set of internationally standardized space data communications protocols can be incrementally evolved so that a first version of an operational "Interplanetary Internet" is feasible by the end of the decade. This paper describes its architectural concepts, discusses the current set of standard space data communications capabilities that exist to support Mars exploration and reviews proposed new developments. We also speculate that these current capabilities can grow to support future scenarios where human intelligence is widely distributed across the Solar System and day-to-day communications dialog between planets is routine.     

Bubble detector characterization for space radiation

In light of the importance of the neutron contribution to the dose equivalent received by space workers in the near-Earth radiation environment, there is an increasing need for a personal dosimeter that is passive in nature and able to respond to this neutron field in real time. Recent Canadian technology has led to the development of a bubble detector, which is sensitive to neutrons, but insensitive to low linear energy transfer (LET) radiation. By changing the composition of the bubble detector fluid (or “superheat”), the detectors can be fabricated to respond to different types of radiation. This paper describes a preliminary ground-based research effort to better characterize the bubble detectors of different compositions at various charged-particle accelerator facilities, which are capable of simulating the space radiation field.     

MX导弹喷管用先进材料评论 Ⅱ 第一级喷管的先进材料

本文是评论MX导弹喷管先进材料的三篇文章中的第二篇。第一篇文章于1977年4月在SAMPE季刊中发表(译文见“固体火箭技术”1978年第二期第99—105页),综述了MX导弹喷管对材料的要求,叙述了石墨材料的结构、性质和性能之间的关系。本文继续对MX的第一级和第二级发动机喷管所用先进材料进一步进行评价。     

Goals and preparation method for ground operations for the manned space flight Altair

The mission's success fully depends on the Payload Operations conducted during the space flight. The Ground Team has to be trained to assist the Space Crew, to replan the cosmonaut's activities when contingengies occurr onboard and to change or cancel Payload activities when required. In order to act efficiently during the mission, the Ground Team must be prepared in advance of the flight and able to operate special tools for tracking the mission's progress, anticipating problems and taking decisions in realtime.

This document sets out the approach for conducting such a preparation for Ground Operation. It will be focused on the Altaïr mission performed in July 1993 onboard the Russian Mir space station.     

Remote assistance experiment during the manned space flight Altair

This remote assistance trial, performed within the framework of the manned space flight Altaïr, was carried out by CADMOS (CNES), with the cooperation of the Sub-directorate of CNES Operational Systems, Medes, LBM of Tours and Christol Consultants. It consisted of supplying the cosmonaut performing the Orthostatism experiment (echograph acquisition) on board the Mir station with realtime assistance by an expert (LBM of Tours) working from the ground on the CADMOS premises. The various steps of the approach followed during the preparation phase are described, as well as the technical means of communication used between the Mir station and CADMOS.