Hypervelocity impact induced shock acoustic emission waves for quantitative damage evaluation using in situ miniaturized piezoelectric sensor network

Manmade debris and natural meteoroids, travelling in the Low Earth Orbit at a speed of several kilometers per second, pose a severe safety concern to the spacecraft in service through the HyperVelocity Impact(HVI). To address this issue, an investigation of shock Acoustic Emission(AE) waves induced by HVI to a downscaled two-layer Whipple shielding structure is performed,to realize a quantitative damage evaluation. Firstly a hybrid numerical model integrating smoothparticle hydrodynamics and finite element is built to obtain the wave response. The projectiles, with various impact velocities and directions, are modelled to impact the shielding structure with different thicknesses. Then experimental validation is carried out with built-in miniaturized piezoelectric sensors to in situ sense the HVI-induced AE waves. A quantitative agreement is obtained between numerical and experimental results, demonstrating the correctness of the hybrid model and facilitating the explanation of obtained AE signals in experiment. Based on the understanding of HVI-induced wave components, assessment of the damage severity, i.e., whether the outer shielding layer is perforated or not, is performed using the energy ratio between the regions of ‘‘high frequency" and ‘‘low frequency" in the acquired AE signals. Lastly, the direct-arrival fundamentalsymmetric wave mode is isolated from each sensing signal to be input into an enhanced delay-andsum algorithm, which visualizes HVI spots accurately and instantaneously with different sensor network configuration. All these works demonstrate the potential of quantitative, in situ, and real time HVI monitoring using miniaturized piezoelectric sensor network.     

Review and propositions for the sliding/impact wear behavior in a contact interface

A thermal-solid-liquid complex operational environment induces structural interface developing a typical coupling sliding/impact wear behavior. It results in contact damage until systems fail, which may cause significant economic losses and catastrophic consequences. The key point of solving this problem is to reveal the coupling damage mechanism of the sliding/impact behavior in typical systems and life characterization under a complicate evolving environment. This has been a hot topic in the area of mechanical reliability. The main work in this paper can be concluded as follows. Firstly, the main industries in which the “sliding/impact behavior” takes place have been introduced. Then, existing studies on the wear mechanism and degree analysis are presented, which includes surface morphology analysis, wear debris analysis, and wear degree measurement. Meanwhile, existing problems in theoretical modeling and experiments in current research are summarized, so as to point out a bright direction for future research on wear prediction. They include interface contact modeling, mathematic coupling mechanism modeling, wear equation establishment, and wear life characterization, which can provide some new ideas for improving the existing studies on the sliding/impact wear behavior.     

不同密度弹丸对水冰的超高速撞击成坑实验

为了研究冰冻天体表面撞击坑的形成与演化，开展了水冰的超高速撞击成坑实验。使用二级轻气炮发射1.0 mm直径的球形弹丸，以3 km/s、5 km/s和7 km/s速度对圆柱状冰块进行撞击。弹丸材料包括聚碳酸酯和不锈钢两种，冰块温度为253 K。实验观察到了不同弹丸和不同速度条件下，冰块中撞击坑的形貌特征。对撞击坑直径、深度和剖面形状进行了测量，并与文献中铝弹丸对水冰的撞击坑进行了比较分析。获得了水冰撞击坑特征随撞击参数的变化规律，结果表明：撞击坑直径和深度的主导机制不同，坑深主要由弹丸侵彻作用形成，而坑径主要由冰块的剥落所致；坑深比坑径具有更强的对于弹丸密度的依赖性，高密度弹丸撞击坑直径具有比低密度弹丸更强的对于撞击速度的依赖性；撞击坑体积与撞击能量成正比，高密度弹丸形成的撞击坑直径表现出“能量缩比”行为，而低密度弹丸形成的撞击坑直径表现出“动量缩比”行为。     

数字全息测量超高速撞击碎片云实验研究

在中国空气动力研究与发展中心(CARDC)超高速碰撞中心(HIRC)7.6 mm超高速碰撞设备的基础上，搭建纳秒级脉冲激光数字全息系统。提出滤波片和衰减片组合布置，减弱超高速碰撞等离子体自发光、提高信噪比的方法。实验获得了2.25 mm铝球弹丸以4.0 km/s的速度撞击0.5 mm厚铝板形成碎片云的全息图。采用小波变换算法对碎片云全息图进行重建，得到超高速撞击碎片云的三维结构和碎片大小。碎片云的轮廓呈椭球型，分为碎片云的前端、核心和外壳，碎片主要分布在弹丸破碎形成的碎片云核心，存在大碎片，且分布较集中，对后板的损伤也严重     

类蛛网状盘式谐振微陀螺的抗冲击性能与结构误差仿真分析

具有导航级潜能的盘式谐振微陀螺是国际研究最热门的一类微机械陀螺,在此基础上设计了一款频率裂解小的类蛛网状盘式谐振微陀螺。通过有限元仿真软件进行了模态分析和冲击分析,仿真结果表明类蛛网状盘式谐振微陀螺工作模态与寄生模态最小频差为3.9kHz,可承受的冲击载荷加速度高达25000g。此外,开展了晶向误差和工艺误差等结构误差对频率裂解影响的仿真研究,结果表明,其比圆环状盘式谐振陀螺在频率裂解上具有更低的结构误差敏感度。综上说明该结构能有效抑制寄生模态干扰、抗冲击性能强且结构误差鲁棒性好,具有较好的发展前景。     

极低压下两相流挤压油膜阻尼器油膜参数特性

针对极低供油压力工况开展实验研究,以考察气液两相流对挤压油膜阻尼器(SFD)油膜参数特性的影响。结果表明:当SFD入口气体体积分数小于0.9时,油膜阻尼随着入口气体体积分数的增加而减小,直至气体体积分数增大到0.9时,油膜阻尼是纯油状态时阻尼的60%;当气体体积分数大于0.9时,油膜阻尼大幅减小至几乎可以忽略不计。现有理论模型并不适用于极低供油压力工况。基于实验结果,找到了最符合SFD两相流动的等效黏度模型,其理论预测的油膜阻尼与不同供油压力下的实验数据吻合较好,为SFD两相流研究的模型选择提供了依据。     

基于纯比例导引的拦截碰撞角约束制导策略

拦截碰撞角约束制导是当前导弹制导研究的关键问题之一。首先基于理想比例导引（IPN）律拦截非机动目标的解析解,推导了纯比例导引律（PPN）拦截固定目标的解析解,得到了弹目相对距离、制导指令加速度和导弹前置角的显示表达式,并进一步得到了拦截碰撞角与弹目相对运动状态和比例导引系数之间的解析表达式。其次,基于该解析表达式,提出了基于PPN的拦截碰撞角约束制导策略（PPNIACG）,并探讨了在铅垂面内进行落角约束打击和水平面内进行拦截碰撞角约束打击的2种实现方式。最后,以弹道成型制导律（TSG）和最优碰撞角约束制导律（OIACG）为参考,通过数值仿真算例,对PPNIAC的拦截性能进行了对比分析,验证了所提出制导策略的有效性和正确性。     

直接侧向力/气动力复合控制影响因素研究

为分析直接侧向力/气动力复合控制中的影响因素对控制效果的影响,给出了复合控制拦截器的典型布局,建立了直接侧向力/气动力复合控制分配模型;采用自适应动态逆方法形成虚拟控制律实现拦截器姿态控制,并进行了仿真验证与分析。仿真结果表明,不同发动机总数、发动机开关机周期和推力大小等因素对最终控制效果有直接的影响,且发动机开关机周期与推力的共同作用对控制效果影响明显。     

复合材料层合结构低速冲击后的渗漏性能

对复合材料贮箱结构进行低速冲击试验,并测试冲击后贮箱结构的渗漏性能。试验结果表明,当层板内部的基体损伤和分层损伤构成贯穿的通路后即导致贮箱渗漏,并且贮箱结构的冲击能量渗漏门槛值介于23~25J之间。在试验基础上建立了有限元模型以分析冲击后贮箱结构的内部损伤情况,并判断结构是否渗漏,计算结果与试验吻合良好。在计算模型的基础上对曲面贮箱结构的冲击渗漏性能进行分析。     

运动油滴/固体壁面斜碰撞的状态辨识及特征分析

 航空发动机轴承腔油气两相流动与换热研究是轴承腔润滑与换热设计的重要基础工作,而运动油滴与轴承腔壁面的碰撞状态辨识及特征分析是轴承腔油气两相流动与换热研究的组成部分。基于VOF方法建立了运动油滴与固体壁面斜碰撞数值仿真模型,实现了运动油滴与固体壁面斜碰撞状态的数值模拟,分析了碰撞油滴直径、入射角和碰撞速度对沉积油膜铺展长度、油膜堆积厚度和溅射油滴数目等碰撞状态特征参数的影响规律,提出了运动油滴与固体壁面斜碰撞条件下的状态判断准则,并得到了文献的物理试验工作的支持。研究结果表明:随着油滴入射角减小,沉积油膜铺展长度和油膜堆积厚度增大,溅射油滴数目减少;随着碰撞速度和油滴直径的增大,沉积油膜铺展长度和溅射油滴数目均增大,但油膜堆积厚度对应前者呈减小趋势、对应后者仍呈增大趋势。