飞机液压系统中污染物的分析与控制

着重分析了飞机液压系统污染物的来源、生成及其危害,提出了对于控制飞机液压系统污染物的几点粗浅体会,对提高飞机液压系统的可靠性及使用寿命具有参考价值。     

Planetary protection issues related to human missions to Mars

In accordance with the United Nations Outer Space Treaties [United Nations, Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, UN doc A/RES/34/68, resolution 38/68 of December 1979], currently maintained and promulgated by the Committee on Space Research [COSPAR Planetary Protection Panel, Planetary Protection Policy accepted by the COSPAR Council and Bureau, 20 October 2002, amended 24 March 2005, http://www.cosparhq.org/scistr/PPPolicy.htm], missions exploring the Solar system must meet planetary protection requirements. Planetary protection aims to protect celestial bodies from terrestrial contamination and to protect the Earth environment from potential biological contamination carried by returned samples or space systems that have been in contact with an extraterrestrial environment. From an exobiology perspective, Mars is one of the major targets, and several missions are currently in operation, in transit, or scheduled for its exploration. Some of them include payloads dedicated to the detection of life or traces of life. The next step, over the coming years, will be to return samples from Mars to Earth, with a view to increasing our knowledge in preparation for the first manned mission that is likely to take place within the next few decades. Robotic missions to Mars shall meet planetary protection specifications, currently well documented, and planetary protection programs are implemented in a very reliable manner given that experience in the field spans some 40 years. With regards to sample return missions, a set of stringent requirements has been approved by COSPAR [COSPAR Planetary Protection Panel, Planetary Protection Policy accepted by the COSPAR Council and Bureau, 20 October 2002, amended 24 March 2005, http://www.cosparhq.org/scistr/PPPolicy.htm], and technical challenges must now be overcome in order to preserve the Earth’s biosphere from any eventual contamination risk. In addition to the human dimension of the mission, sending astronauts to Mars will entail meeting all these constraints. Astronauts present huge sources of contamination for Mars and are also potential carriers of biohazardous material on their return to Earth. If they were to have the misfortune of being contaminated, they themselves would become a biohazard, and, as a consequence, in addition to the technical constraints, human and ethical considerations must also be taken into account.     

星用非金属材料出气污染性质原位测试设备研制

成功研制了星用非金属材料出气污染性质原位测试设备， 可原位、连续、定量测试星用非金属材料出气可凝挥发物，给出全过程的出气数据。测试系统稳定、测试仪器灵敏、最小可检达４．４×１０－ ８ｇ／ｃｍ ２。是我国目前唯一的多功位星用非金属材料出气污染高灵敏度原位测试设备。     

Effect of wall suction on leading edge contamination

This paper is devoted to an experimental study of swept wing leading edge contamination by the turbulence emanating from the wing-wall junction. The main objective is to delay the contamination onset by applying surface suction along the attachment line. Two series of experiments are described; the first one was performed in a small wind tunnel at CERT ONERA, the second one was carried out in the F2 wind tunnel at Le Fauga Mauzac centre. Hot film measurements showed that leading edge contamination could be delayed up to very large Reynolds numbers. We also studied the behaviour of the relaminarized boundary layer downstream of the sucked region, along the span as well as in the chordwise direction.     

航天器的防污染技术

简单介绍了航天器污染的概念,污染对航天器的损害,航天器污染研究的重要性,以及国内外航天器防污染研究概况。着重介绍真空热试验中的污染控制方法。引入航天器自污染的概念,介绍消除航天器自污染的有效办法是真空烘烤。     

星用非金属材料出气模型的应用

卫星上所用非金属材料，在空间真空环境下存在出气行为，产生污染效应。为了研究这种出气行为，本文以扩散理论为理论依据，推导材料出气模型。利用空间分子污染气体分析仪，测试了星用非金属材料的出气速率变化，对所测数据进行曲线拟合，通过试验和理论分析，证实了模型推导的正确性，结果表明：经过6h的真空加热预处理能够有效减少出气污染。     

飞行器敏感系统在轨分子污染沾染量预估方法研究

空间环境下，材料出气引起的分子污染效应是影响飞行器寿命和可靠性的重要因素之一。本文就材料出气分子经历的出气、在空间的传播输运和沉积三个过程及有诸多污染出气源存在时，对敏感表面沉积量的影响等进行了研究。建立了针对飞行器敏感系统功能表面在轨分子污染沾染量的预估模型。并利用该理论模型，结合相机镜头结构和空间环境的使用条件，模拟计算其镜头表面在轨飞行期间的分子污染物沾染量随时间变化的结果，同时理论计算结果结合试验测试数据评估相机镜头的在轨使用业绩。结果表明，镜头由于分子污染物沉积引起光学透过率的衰减达30％以上。所得到的结论对完善飞行器的防污染设计，提高飞行器在轨期间安全和性能保障具有重要的参考意义。     

真空羽流逆流污染的理论计算

针对普遍关注的羽流逆流污染问题,讨论了喷管出口背部位置受到的回流分子撞击热污染和分子沉积问题,从分子运动论和统计力学出发编制了计算程序,对不同的算例进行了计算,得到符合规律的结果,为火箭发动机设计和科学试验提供了理论依据。     

载人火星探测的行星保护

行星保护是影响载人火星探索任务的重要问题之一。载人探测的行星保护包括3个方面,即防止来源于地球的微生物污染目标星球的正向污染防护、防止外来生物对地球的潜在危害的逆向污染防护,以及确保航天员的健康和安全。国际宇航界已经开始针对载人火星探测的行星保护制定政策法规和开展技术研讨。本文介绍了行星保护的定义和法理依据,简要回顾了美国国家航空航天局在“阿波罗登月”中的行星保护措施,并对未来载人火星探测中的主要污染物、污染途径以及污染防护策略进行了初步探讨。     

天波超视距雷达电离层相位污染典型校正方法综合性能评估

对校正天波超视距雷达电离层相位污染的五种典型方法进行了综合性能评估,主要从校正效果、对不同污染的普适性、污染参数变化对方法的影响、信噪比对方法性能的影响、运算量等几个方面进行了比较与分析,为实际工程实现和改进电离层相位污染校正方法提供参考。