超宽带变频系统中的本振产生技术研究

本振源是超宽带变频系统中的核心部件，本文以超宽带上变频系统为例，介绍变频系统中本振信号的产生技术。本文所设计的超宽带变频系统，经过三次上变频，可将(0.8~2.8)GHz 的低频信号变换至（0.5~40）GHz。变频过程中需要一系列点频本振和一组宽带本振，基于PLL+DFS 的方法产生点频本振，基于DDS+DFS 的方式产生宽带本振。     

Effects of yaw-roll coupling ratio on lateral-directional aerodynamic characteristics

Experimental investigation of large amplitude yaw-roll coupled oscillations was conducted in a low-speed wind tunnel using an aircraft configuration model. A special test rig was designed and constructed to provide different coupled motions from low to high angles of attack.A parameter ‘‘coupling ratio" was introduced to indicate the extent of yaw-roll coupling. At each pitch angle, seven coupling ratios were designed to study the yaw-roll coupling effects on the lateraldirectional aerodynamic characteristics systematically. At high angles of attack, the damping characteristics of yawing and rolling moments drastically varied with coupling ratios. In the coupled motions with the rotation taking place about the wind axis, the lateral-directional aerodynamic moments exhibited unsteady characteristics and were different from the ‘‘quasi-steady" results of the rotary balance tests. The calculated results of the traditional aerodynamic derivative method were also compared with the experimental data. At low and very high angles of attack, the aerodynamic derivative method was applicative. However, within a wide range of angles of attack, the calculated results of aerodynamic derivative method were inconsistent with the experimental data, due to the drastic changes of damping characteristics of lateral-directional aerodynamic moments with yaw-roll coupling ratios.     

Observations of a quasi-90-day oscillation in the MLT winds and tides over an equatorial station using meteor radar winds

An evident signature of a least studied quasi-90-day oscillation is found in the winds and tides in the MLT from an equatorial station, São João do Cariri (7.4°S, 36.5°W). The oscillation is found to appear mainly in certain intervals with small but appreciable seasonal (fourth harmonic of annual oscillation) contribution. The maximum amplitude of the oscillation is found to be around 10 m/s in the zonal wind. The enhancement peak of the oscillation exhibits downward movement indicating a plausible role of upward moving waves/tides in carrying its imprint from below to the MLT. Similar oscillation feature in the tropospheric zonal wind and ozone may imply its lower atmospheric origin as a component of the intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) that moves upward by modulating the tides. Subsequently, the propagating tides (mainly semidiurnal) are enhanced by the ozone in the stratosphere through absorption of solar UV radiation and finally manifest the oscillation in the MLT. Consistency of the present findings with the past investigations are observed in some aspects of the oscillation, whereas existing mismatches in others are believed to be due to geophysical variability depending on space and time among various locations on the globe.     

展向振荡对激波/湍流边界层干扰的影响

周期振荡作为一种有效的壁面流动控制手段受到广泛关注,而其对激波/湍流边界层干扰的影响目前鲜有研究。本文采用高精度直接数值模拟（DNS）方法对马赫数2.9、12°激波入射角、强振荡下的激波/湍流边界层干扰进行了系统研究。通过与无振荡工况的定量比较,揭示了展向强振荡对干扰区内复杂流动结构的影响规律及作用机制,如分离泡尺度、物面压力脉动非定常特性、物面剪切的非定常特性及统计特征等。研究发现：在展向强振荡作用下,分离点位置提前,间歇区长度增大;同时由于分离泡内强黏性耗散的影响,展向振荡的穿透高度约为分离泡高度的4%,因而对流动结构不会产生实质影响。但展向强振荡会对壁面附近流动造成显著影响,如强振荡诱导的壁面展向速度远大于流向速度,造成流向剪切与展向剪切之间夹角的概率密度函数峰值从0°偏移到80°~90°之间。物面压力及剪切本征正交分解分析表明,展向振荡会导致模态能量从低阶模态向高阶模态转移,降低低频运动的能量占比,增强再附后Görtler涡等壁面附近旋涡结构的强度。     

翼型纵向俯仰非定常气动力研究

飞行器飞行时受到的非定常气动力是飞行器设计以及机动飞行中须考虑的一个重要因素。采用CFD方法数值模拟了NACA0012翼型在马赫数从0.2~5.0范围变化时做强迫振荡的非定常流场。通过积分法计算了在不同马赫数时翼型的俯仰动导数。计算结果表明,迟滞效应随马赫数的增大先增大后减小,在跨声速区域迟滞效应达到最大;迟滞环的绕向在跨声速区域为顺时针方向;迟滞环顺时针绕向时,动导数大于零,模型动不稳定,逆时针绕向时,动导数小于零,模型动稳定;旋转角速度越大,翼型表面非定常气动效应越明显。     

振荡燃烧过程的同步测量方法

振动燃烧是由非稳定燃烧放热和压力脉动互相耦合产生的系统振荡过程。振荡燃烧的研究方法之一是对自激振荡燃烧相互耦合过程进行研究,得到系统的闭环特性。另外还可以对燃烧系统施加特定的扰动以得到燃烧系统的开环特性。为了研究振荡燃烧的动态过程,需要实现不同物理量的同步测量。相同步方法能够实现压力脉动与燃烧放热率脉动的同步测量,确定二者间的周期变化关系。通过对两个不同振荡类型的实验台进行相同步测量,分析振荡燃烧过程中压力脉动与放热率脉动的相位关系,并讨论了相同步方法的误差,提出了不同实现方案。这些结果将有助于我们提高火焰测量的相同步技术的准确性。     

出口封闭的冲压发动机进气道激波振荡现象

采用计算流体力学和风洞试验两种手段,对冲压发动机出口封闭的多种超声速进气道内通道气流振荡现象进行了研究。结果表明,在一定的超声速范围内,封闭的进气道内通道发生了较强气流振荡现象,振荡频率、幅值和内通道长度、飞行马赫数有关,该振荡现象是一种自激振荡现象。利用亥姆霍兹共振器频率公式可以对封闭的进气道内通道振荡频率进行预估,并对其归纳出一种修正方法,可以结合模型试验结果对进气道和燃烧室内流振荡频率和幅值进行分析,为飞行试验提供预估和参考。     

离心压气机内不同非定常源影响实验研究

使用热线风速仪对扩压器内的非定常流场进行了测量,采用锁相采样—集平均技术对热膜测量的瞬时信号进行了处理,对离心压气机内扩压器势反冲效应和叶轮尾流的非定常影响进行了分离,采用＂逆频谱分析＂方法求解了不确定性非定常性,研究了离心压气机内不同非定常源的影响。结果表明,扩压器的势反冲效应同叶轮叶片的非定常影响处于同一数量级,扩压器的势反冲效应略小一些。扩压器的势反冲效应同叶轮叶片的非定常影响均是沿流向不断减小,且二者之间的差距沿流向也不断减小。叶轮叶片的非定常影响对扩压器叶片的位置较为敏感,靠近扩压器凸面侧的测点受叶轮叶片的非定常影响较大。径向间隙内不确定非定常度受扩压器叶片的反冲影响较大。     

细长旋成体大迎角俯仰振荡的数值研究

为研究俯仰振荡对细长旋成体流场与气动特性的影响,利用雷诺平均方法与大涡模拟的混合方法相结合的脱体涡模拟方法对大迎角下细长旋成体俯仰运动进行了数值模拟研究。通过对背风面分离涡的强度和位置、细长体绕流形态、截面压强系数和侧向力系数的观察和分析,发现施加小振幅、特定频率的俯仰振荡对大迎角细长旋成体背风面流场有明显的控制能力,...     

Computational engineering analysis of external geometrical modifications on MQ-1 unmanned combat aerial vehicle

This paper focuses on the effects of external geometrical modifications on the aerodynamic characteristics of the MQ-1 predator Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle (UCAV) using computational fluid dynamics. The investigations are performed for 16 flight conditions at an altitude of 7.6 km and at a constant speed of 56.32 m/s. Two models are analysed, namely the baseline model and the model with external geometrical modifications installed on it. Both the models are investigated for various angles of attack from −4° to 16°, angles of bank from 0° to 6° and angles of yaw from 0° to 4°. Due to the unavailability of any experimental (wind tunnel or flight test) data for this UCAV in the literature, a thorough verification of calculations process is presented to demonstrate confidence level in the numerical simulations. The analysis quantifies the loss of lift and increase in drag for the modified version of the MQ-1 predator UCAV along with the identification of stall conditions. Local improvement (in drag) of up to 96% has been obtained by relocating external modifications, whereas global drag force reduction of roughly 0.5% is observed. The effects of external geometrical modifications on the control surfaces indicate the blanking phenomenon and reduction in forces on the control surfaces that can reduce the aerodynamic performance of the UCAV.