微电子机械系统的发展与应用

在介绍了微电子机械系统的起源和特点的基础上，对微电子机械系统的加工、封装测试、及应用进行了较全面的论述，提出和展望了其广阔的发展前景。     

Effect of protrusion amount on gas ingestion of radial rim seal

In this paper, the effect of different amount of protrusion on various parameters in rotor–stator system was experimentally studied by measuring CO₂ concentration and pressure, in order to obtain the optimal protrusion amount. The parameters of different dimensionless sealing flow were measured under the condition that the annulus Reynolds number was 4.39 × 10⁵ and the rotating Reynolds number was 1.05 × 10⁶. The results show that the change of the amount of protrusions has little effect on the static pressure in the cavity, and the static pressure change near the sealing ring is almost negligible. But the total pressure and sealing efficiency increase first and then decrease with the increase of the amount of protrusion. The variation of power consumption is the same. A complex vortex structure will appear at the high radius region when the protrusion is installed. On the other hand, the protrusion can effectively reduce the minimum sealing flow of the rotor–stator cavity. Furthermore, considering the sealing efficiency and power consumption, the best range of the protrusion amount is about 36. The ratio near this range can optimally balance the alleviation of the gas ingestion and the reduction of the power consumption.     

Flow mechanism between purge flow and mainstream in different turbine rim seal configurations

The rim seal is used to prevent mainstream ingestion to the gap between the vane of a turbine and its blade. In this article, the dolphin lip with a hook configuration and a large seal cavity with hook structures are designed based on the high-pressure turbine datum single shark lip rim seal configuration. The sealing effect and parameters of the flow field are measured by an experiment method and a numerical simulation is used to explain the mechanism. For three configurations, the effect of the leakage slot vortex on the efficiency of the seal and the influence of leakage vortex, generated by the interaction between purge flow and mainstream flow, are discussed in depth. The result shows that the reverse vortex formed by the dolphin lip rim seal with hook structure will increase the sealing efficiency. The seal configuration with a large cavity improves sealing efficiency to a greater extent than the datum structure. At different purge flow rates and with unequal seal structures, the purge flow produces three types of leakage vortices in the passage. Besides, the seal configuration with dolphin lip produces a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at the interface of the purge and the mainstream flows at a low purge flow rate to induce new leakage vortex branches in the passage of the blade.     

球阀阀座用聚三氟氯乙烯密封环工艺与性能

选用两种不同降温方式探究压制成型工艺对球阀阀座用聚三氟氯乙烯（PCTFE）密封环密封性能的影响。低温试验结果表明,自然降温工艺成型的制品外表面在常温-低温循环工况下出现裂纹,而保压降温得到的制品则不出现上述问题。性能测试与表征分析结果表明,自然降温工艺成型的密封环PCTFE其内部会出现微裂纹等缺陷,导致其在低温测试后出现亚表面裂纹,造成密封失效。降温阶段保压操作可抑制材料成型阶段微裂纹缺陷的产生,避免材料在室温-低温循环工况下因内应力而产生裂纹缺陷。     

XB14型精密石英谐振器的研制

XB14型精密石英谐振器是为现代通信、导航和航天飞行器工程系统及地面高稳晶振研制的一种小型晶体频率控制元件。该谐振器采用了硬玻璃扁平壳和高频感应真空封接技术,具有体积小、密封性好、无封接污染,高可靠和低老等特点,它的频率范围在5～250MHz,老化率在10~(-8)～10~(-9)/d量级。     

Integration of lessons from recent research for “Earth to Mars” life support systems

Development of reliable and robust strategies for long-term life support for planetary exploration must be built from real-time experimentation to verify and improve system components. Also critical is incorporating a range of viable options to handle potential short-term life system imbalances. This paper revisits some of the conceptual framework for a Mars base prototype which has been developed by the authors along with others previously advanced (“Mars on Earth^®”) in the light of three years of experimentation in the Laboratory Biosphere, further investigation of system alternatives and the advent of other innovative engineering and agri-ecosystem approaches. Several experiments with candidate space agriculture crops have demonstrated the higher productivity possible with elevated light levels and improved environmental controls. For example, crops of sweet potatoes exceeded original Mars base prototype projections by an average of 46% (53% for best crop) ultradwarf (Apogee) wheat by 9% (23% for best crop), pinto bean by 13% (31% for best crop). These production levels, although they may be increased with further optimization of lighting regimes, environmental parameters, crop density etc. offer evidence that a soil-based system can be as productive as the hydroponic systems which have dominated space life support scenarios and research. But soil also offers distinct advantages: the capability to be created on the Moon or Mars using in situ space resources, reduces long-term reliance on consumables and imported resources, and more readily recycling and incorporating crew and crop waste products. In addition, a living soil contains a complex microbial ecosystem which helps prevent the buildup of trace gases or compounds, and thus assist with air and water purification. The atmospheric dynamics of these crops were studied in the Laboratory Biosphere adding to the database necessary for managing the mixed stands of crops essential for supplying a nutritionally adequate diet in space. This paper explores some of the challenges of small bioregenerative life support: air-sealing and facility architecture/design, balance of short-term variations of carbon dioxide and oxygen through staggered plantings, options for additional atmospheric buffers and sinks, lighting/energy efficiency engineering, crop and waste product recycling approaches, and human factor considerations in the design and operation of a Mars base. An “Earth to Mars” project, forging the ability to live sustainably in space (as on Earth) requires continued research and testing of these components and integrated subsystems; and developing a step-by-step learning process.     

Storage life of silicone rubber sealing ring used in solid rocket motor

It is urgent to carry out detailed research on storage performance of rubber sealing ring to get the criterion for its storage life. This paper acquires material ageing regularity by theoretical analysis and experimental confirmation. On this condition, failure mode and failure criterion of typical sealing structure is studied, and the failure mechanism is found. Thus by analyzing the stress distribution, the relationship between ageing state and sealing condition is established. Rationalization proposal is put forward and storage life of sealing ring is evaluated. The research mentionedabove has special reference to the design of sealing structures and can provide reference for prolonging their service life.     

Preparation of CF/Ni-Fe/CNT/silicone layered rubber for aircraft sealing and electromagnetic interference shielding applications

To meet the needs of preventing information leakage in space engineering and military industry, an efficient method was introduced to obtain layered electromagnetic shielding sealing rubber. The carbon fiber, Ni-Fe coating, and Carbon NanoTube (CNT) were combined by chemical plating and in-situ polymerization to obtain a lightweight (0.14 g/cm²) and thin (1 mm thick) Carbon fiber Fabric (CF)/Ni-Fe/CNT/silicone layered electromagnetic shielding composites. The layered material obtained by adjusting the electroless plating time exhibited a high Shielding Efficiency (SE) of 60.2–85.5 dB in the range of 0–4800 MHz, which can be used for aviation electromagnetic shielding. Carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes mainly attenuated electromagnetic waves through absorption loss, while the nickel-iron alloy coating through reflection loss interacted with the magnetic vector of incident ElectroMagnetic (EM) radiation and magnetic dipoles, therefore, the EM Interference (EMI) shielding composite attenuated EM waves with the “absorption-reflection-absorption” cooperative interaction. Moreover, the flexible fabric substrate adhered with silicone rubber possessed a breaking elongation of 52.3%, which can be utilized as a good sealing material. Simultaneously, the outstanding exothermicity (67.2 °C under the applied voltage of 5 V) makes it possible to be applied in electric heating area. The electromagnetic shielding composites prepared in this paper have good potential in the fields of precision electronic equipment and aviation systems.     

高性能橡胶密封材料及其在航天工业上的应用

系统介绍了航天材料及工艺研究所55年来研制的高性能橡胶密封材料的主要种类、牌号及其物理机械性能,并通过若干典型应用实例说明其在我国航天工业上的应用现状.     

双密封结构的泄漏理论及其应用研究

建立了双密封结构系统的数学模型 ,通过理论分析和数值计算 ,揭示了双密封结构系统正压泄漏的漏率、漏量与泄漏时间关系的规律及其影响因素的结论。这些研究结果可用于双密封结构系统的设计、检漏和泄漏安全评估 ,以理论指导实践。