Establishment of atmospheric weighted mean temperature model in the polar regions

Due to the special geographical location and extreme climate environment, the polar regions (Antarctic and Arctic) have an important impact on global climate change. Atmospheric weighted mean temperature (Tm) is a crucial parameter in the retrieval of precipitable water vapor (PWV) from the zenith wet delay (ZWD) of ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signal propagation. In this paper, the correlation between weighted mean temperature and surface temperature (Ts) is studied firstly. It is shown that the correlation coefficients between Tm and Ts are 0.93 in the Antarctic and 0.94 in the Arctic. The linear regression Tm model and quadratic function Tm model of the Antarctic and the Arctic are established respectively using the radiosonde profiles of 12 stations in the Antarctic and 58 stations in the Arctic from 2008 to 2015. The accuracies of the linear regression Tm model, the quadratic function Tm model and GPT2w Tm model which is a state-of-the-art global Tm model are verified using the radiosonde profiles from 2016 to 2018 in the Antarctic and Arctic. Root Mean Square (RMS) errors of the linear regression Tm model, the quadratic function Tm model and GPT2w Tm model in the Antarctic are 3.07 K, 2.87 K and 4.32 K respectively, and those in the Arctic are 3.53 K, 3.38 K and 4.82 K, which indicates that the quadratic function Tm model has a higher accuracy compared to linear regression Tm model, and the accuracies of the two regional Tm models are better than that of GPT2w Tm model in the polar regions. In order to better evaluate the accuracy of Tm in the PWV retrieval, the PWV values of radiosondes are used for comparisons as the reference value. The RMS errors of PWV derived from the two Tm models are similar for 1.28 mm in the Antarctic and 1 mm in the Arctic respectively. In addition, the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of Tm are analyzed in the polar regions by spectral analysis of Tm data using fast Fourier transform. The results show that the Tm has obvious seasonality and annual periodicity in the polar regions, and the maximum difference between warm season and cold season is about 63 K. After comparing and analyzing the influences of latitude, longitude and elevation on the Tm in the polar regions, it is found that latitude and elevation have a greater influence on the Tm than the longitude. As the latitude and elevation increase, the Tm decreases, and vice versa in the polar regions.     

叶盘耦合振动转/静子叶片数与节径数关系

针对航空发动机中叶盘结构的共振分析问题，通过研究气体激励力和叶盘节径型振动在转子坐标系下的数学表达形式，利用叶盘结构共振时，气体激励力需要对叶盘系统做正功的条件，推导了叶盘发生共振时，节径数与转/静子叶片数应满足的关系式dm=kNv-nNb。通过3个数值算例对上述关系式进行了阐述:从气动功和谐响应分析的角度验证了当上述关系存在时，且激励频率等于结构固有频率时，叶盘系统会发生危害共振；同时指出，当上述变量不满足上述关系时，若激励频率等于叶盘结构的固有频率，也会引起部分叶片发生较大振动的可能。      

ETOPS系统安全性评估方法及应用研究

基于典型的ETOPS飞行过程,分析了ETOPS的故障组合状态．从时间函数的角度建模,修正了一般系统安全性评估方法的模型和参数,在国内首次提出了适用于ETOPS条件下的修正系统安全性评估模型,并进行了应用分析。模型可以用于在ETOPS特殊条件下对适航条款的符合性验证。     

常开洞工业厂房风致内压试验研究

通过一系列不同条件下的单个常开洞单跨厂房刚性模型风洞测压试验,分析了风向角、开洞位置、开洞形状以及开洞大小对内压平均值与脉动值的影响,并与基于稳态理论与非定常理论的内压预测值进行了比较。研究发现,单个常开洞厂房内压的空间分布是均匀的,几乎处处相等,仅在开洞附近测点的风压系数值稍有差别;内压的脉动特性主要来源于来流湍流作用、旋涡脱落与尾流干扰以及赫姆霍兹共振等三个方面的影响;内压的均值与均方根值受开洞条件以及风向角等因素影响较大;稳态理论计算得到的内压系数均值与试验所得非常接近,但是均方根值的预测偏保守。非定常理论推导得到的内压响应方程在风速方向正对开洞时可以给出良好的预测,但由于受旋涡脱落、尾流干扰等影响,斜风向时运用该方法预测内压是不合适的。     

分数槽集中绕组永磁同步电机设计与分析

分数槽集中绕组永磁同步电机由于转矩密度高、弱磁性能好、齿槽转矩小和效率高等特点,广泛应用于航空航天、电动汽车等领域。本文研究了机载雷达伺服系统用分数槽集中绕组永磁同步电机,建立了电机的解析模型,分析了长径比、裂比、磁密系数等设计参数对电机性能的影响规律。结果表明,电机的输出转矩和质量分别与定子外径D3os,D2os成正比,绕组端部比重与长径比λ成反比,综合转矩密度和绕组端部比重两个因素,λ宜在0.2~0.4范围内选择。当定子裂比γ增加时,转矩密度先增大后减小,为使转矩密度最大,γ宜在0.6~0.8范围内选择。当磁密系数χ增加时,输出转矩先增大后减小,为使输出转矩最大,χ宜设计在1.75附近。基于理论分析和仿真计算,文中设计并加工了一台45槽38极分数槽集中绕组永磁同步电机,最后通过实验测试了其性能。     

Effect of tube-electrode inner diameter on electrochemical discharge machining of nickel-based superalloy

Nickel-based superalloys are widely employed in modern aircraft engines because of their excellent material characteristics, particularly in the fabrication of film cooling holes. How-ever, the high machining requirement of a large number of film cooling holes can be extremely chal-lenging. The hybrid machining technique of tube electrode high-speed electrochemical discharge drilling (TEHECDD) has been considered as a promising method for the production of film cooling holes. Compared with any single machining process, this hybrid technique requires the removal of more complex machining by-products, including debris produced in the electrical discharge machin-ing process and hydroxide and bubbles generated in the electrochemical machining process. These by-products significantly affect the machining efficiency and surface quality of the machined prod-ucts. In this study, tube electrodes in different inner diameters are designed and fabricated, and the effects of inner diameter on the machining efficiency and surface quality of TEHECDD are inves-tigated. The results show that larger inner diameters could effectively improve the flushing condi-tion and facilitate the removal of machining by-products. Therefore, higher material removal efficiency, surface quality, and electrode wear rate could be achieved by increasing the inner diam-eter of the tube electrode.     

Semi-stochastic modification of second-order radial derivative of Abel–Poisson’s formula for validating satellite gravity gradiometry data

The geoid can be used to validate the satellite gravity gradiometry data. Validation of such data is important prior to their downward continuation because of amplification of the data errors through this process. In this paper, the second-order radial derivative of Abel–Poisson’s formula is modified stochastically to reduce the effect of the far-zone geoid and generate the second-order radial derivative of geopotential at 250 km level. The numerical studies over Fennoscandia show that this method yields the gradients with an error of 10 mE and when the long wavelength of geoid is removed from the estimator and restored after the computations (remove–compute–restore) the error will be in 1 mE level. We name this method semi-stochastic modification. The best case scenario is found when the degree of modification of the integral formula is 200 and the long wavelength geoid to degree 100 is removed and restored. In this case the geoid should have a resolution of 15′ × 15′ and the integration should be performed over a cap size of 3°.     

矩形截面管道气流中横向运动颗粒的碰壁条件

分析了矩形截面管道气流中横向运动颗粒的运动轨迹及碰壁条件，研究表明颗粒飞出的临界速度随着颗粒直径的增大而减小，当颗粒直径较小时受来流密度、马赫数影响较大，总趋势是来流密度、马赫数越大，颗粒越不容易与上壁面碰撞。但随着颗粒直径的增大，来流条件对颗粒是否碰壁的影响逐渐减弱，决定因素是颗粒直径的大小和颗粒的喷射速度。     

基于双摄像机的立体视觉图像预处理研究

针对立体图像对的亮度差异问题和图像噪声问题研究图像的强化处理,图像预处理主要完成图像对极线校正和图像质量增强.极线校正部分以对极几何为基础研究立体图像对的校正算法.图像质量增强部分主要研究了立体图像对特有的亮度差异问题,并提出了应用直方图均衡化来校正亮度的方法.之后本文对图像噪声进行了深入的分析,并针对立体图像特点使用均值滤波和Gauss滤波平滑图像.在实验中,验证了算法的可行性,取得了良好的应用效果.     

大直径螺纹数控加工工艺研究与应用

针对形状结构复杂的某产品上34个M36×3-6H内螺纹加工进行了工艺攻关,提出采用旋风铣的方法,并编制数控加工程序,有效解决了难加工材料大直径内螺纹的加工难题,在此基础上实现了数控加工程序的参数化,理论上可以实现任意直径、任意螺距、任意深度螺纹的加工,并在其他型号产品上得到应用。