空天飞行器返回滑翔段在线制导方法

针对空天往返飞行器的返回滑翔段在线制导问题，设计了一种新的滑翔段飞行剖面，实现了滑翔段终端交班高度、位置和倾角约束的自动满足，减少了在线制导算法中需处理的约束数量。推导了滑翔段运动状态、过程约束和性能指标的解析表达式，获得了剩余航程和终端速度间的函数关系。在此基础上，提出了一种双层在线制导方法：内层解析重构飞行剖面，同时通过解析确定路径点来改变剩余航程的变化率，进而对终端交班速度进行控制；外层借助解析表达式，使用粒子群优化算法(PSO)和改进共轭梯度法(CGM)优化飞行剖面，从而满足过程约束和指标要求。最后通过数学仿真验证了方法的正确性。     

多臂空间机器人的视觉伺服与协调控制

针对多臂空间机器人自主目标抓捕任务，首先建立多臂空间机器人的运动模型和其与目标的相对运动模型，采用Kane方法建立多臂空间机器人的动力学模型；其次，研究基于视觉伺服的机械臂在线轨迹规划算法，并引入零反作用机动，消除机械臂运动对平台姿态的扰动；再次，在不使用零反作用机动功能时，分别使用基于角动量前馈补偿的协调控制算法和逆动力学方法设计了协调控制器，在机械臂运动时保持平台姿态和相对目标的位置。最后，开发了基于Matlab的仿真软件MASS（多臂空间机器人仿真），仿真结果校验了上述方法的有效性。     

Sliding mode control design for oblique wing aircraft in wing skewing process

When the wing of Oblique Wing Aircraft (OWA) is skewed, the center of gravity, inertia and aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft all significantly change, causing an undesirable flight dynamic response, affecting the flying qualities, and even endangering the flight safety. In this study, the dynamic response of an OWA in the wing skewing process is simulated, showing that the three-axis movements of the OWA are highly coupled and present nonlinear characteristics during the wing skewing. As the roll control efficiency of the aileron decreases due to the shortened control arm in an oblique configuration, the all-moving horizontal tail is used for additional roll and the control allocation is performed based on minimum control energy. Given the properties of pitch-roll-yaw coupling and control input and state coupling, and the difficulty of establishing an accurate aerodynamic model in the wing skewing process due to unsteady aerodynamic force, a multi-loop sliding mode controller is formulated by the time-scale separation method. The closed-loop simulation results show that the asymmetric aerodynamics can be balanced and that the velocity and altitude of the aircraft maintain stable, which means that a smooth transition is obtained during the OWA’s wing skewing.     

Six sigma robust design optimization for thermal protection system of hypersonic vehicles based on successive response surface method

Lightweight design is important for the Thermal Protection System(TPS) of hypersonic vehicles in that it protects the inner structure from severe heating environment. However, due to the existence of uncertainties in material properties and geometry, it is imperative to incorporate uncertainty analysis into the design optimization to obtain reliable results. In this paper, a six sigma robust design optimization based on Successive Response Surface Method(SRSM) is established for the TPS to improve the reliability and robustness with considering the uncertainties. The uncertain parameters related to material properties and thicknesses of insulation layers are considered and characterized by random variables following normal distributions. By employing SRSM, the values of objective function and constraints are approximated by the response surfaces to reduce computational cost. The optimization is an iterative process with response surfaces updating to find the true optimal solution. The optimization of the nose cone of hypersonic vehicle cabin is provided as an example to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Observations of a quasi-90-day oscillation in the MLT winds and tides over an equatorial station using meteor radar winds

An evident signature of a least studied quasi-90-day oscillation is found in the winds and tides in the MLT from an equatorial station, São João do Cariri (7.4°S, 36.5°W). The oscillation is found to appear mainly in certain intervals with small but appreciable seasonal (fourth harmonic of annual oscillation) contribution. The maximum amplitude of the oscillation is found to be around 10 m/s in the zonal wind. The enhancement peak of the oscillation exhibits downward movement indicating a plausible role of upward moving waves/tides in carrying its imprint from below to the MLT. Similar oscillation feature in the tropospheric zonal wind and ozone may imply its lower atmospheric origin as a component of the intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) that moves upward by modulating the tides. Subsequently, the propagating tides (mainly semidiurnal) are enhanced by the ozone in the stratosphere through absorption of solar UV radiation and finally manifest the oscillation in the MLT. Consistency of the present findings with the past investigations are observed in some aspects of the oscillation, whereas existing mismatches in others are believed to be due to geophysical variability depending on space and time among various locations on the globe.     

Effect of protrusion amount on gas ingestion of radial rim seal

In this paper, the effect of different amount of protrusion on various parameters in rotor–stator system was experimentally studied by measuring CO₂ concentration and pressure, in order to obtain the optimal protrusion amount. The parameters of different dimensionless sealing flow were measured under the condition that the annulus Reynolds number was 4.39 × 10⁵ and the rotating Reynolds number was 1.05 × 10⁶. The results show that the change of the amount of protrusions has little effect on the static pressure in the cavity, and the static pressure change near the sealing ring is almost negligible. But the total pressure and sealing efficiency increase first and then decrease with the increase of the amount of protrusion. The variation of power consumption is the same. A complex vortex structure will appear at the high radius region when the protrusion is installed. On the other hand, the protrusion can effectively reduce the minimum sealing flow of the rotor–stator cavity. Furthermore, considering the sealing efficiency and power consumption, the best range of the protrusion amount is about 36. The ratio near this range can optimally balance the alleviation of the gas ingestion and the reduction of the power consumption.     

四旋翼倾转飞行器操纵冗余设计

建立了四旋翼倾转飞行器旋翼、机翼、机身的非线性气动模型和飞行动力学模型,并在Matlab/Simulink环境下搭建了仿真模型,根据仿真模型计算各个操纵面的操纵效率,确定了不同状态下各个通道需要用到的操纵方式,结合飞行动力学模型和操纵方式,在纵向通道上进行了全包线的配平计算,表明了操纵策略的可行性。     

A novel control method for turboshaft engine with variable rotor speed based on the Ngdot estimator through LQG/LTR and rotor predicted torque feedforward

In order to compensate for the disturbance of wide variation in rotor demanded torque on power turbine speed and realize the fast response control of turboshaft engine during variable rotor speed, a cascade PID control method based on the acceleration estimator of gas turbine speed (Ngdot) and rotor predicted torque feedforward is proposed. Firstly, a two-speed Dual Clutch Transmission (DCT) model is applied in the integrated rotor/turboshaft engine system to achieve variable rotor speed. Then, an online estimation method of Ngdot based on the Linear Quadratic Gaussian with Loop Transfer Recovery (LQG/LTR) is proposed for power turbine speed cascade control. Finally, according to the cascade PID controller based on Ngdot estimator, a rotor demanded torque predicted method based on the Min-batch Gradient Descent-Neural Network (MGD-NN) is put forward to compromise the influence of rotor torque interference. The simulation results show that compared with cascade PID controller based on Ngdot estimator and the one combined with collective pitch feedforward control, the novel control method proposed can reduce the overshoot of power turbine speed by more than 20%, which possesses faster response, superior dynamic effect and satisfactory robustness performance. The control method proposed can realize the fast response control of turboshaft engine with variable rotor speed better.     

涡环伞降末敏子弹的稳态扫描动力学特性

综合采取理论建模、高空自由落体试验及可视化仿真相结合的方法,研究了一种涡环伞降末敏子弹的稳态扫描动力学特性。基于第一类拉格朗日方程,建立了由弹体、降落伞、伞盘、摩擦盘、连杆所组成的五刚体动力学模型,并应用ADAMS、MATALB及VR相结合的方法进行了弹道计算和可视化仿真研究。通过在高空热气球上投放试验样弹的方法,得到了伞弹系统的运动图像、平均落速、转速等弹道数据。对比研究得出:涡环伞的运动稳定性良好,可使末敏子弹保持匀速旋转降落状态,弹体达到稳定后的落速约为13.5 m/s,转速约为3 r/s,稳态扫描角接近于弹体的静态悬挂角,仿真计算与试验结果的一致性较好。      

系统参数对电动力绳系动力学的影响

将电动力绳系(EDT)的主星质量、子星质量、绳系质量以及绳系中的电流视为系统参数，研究这些参数对系统的摆动动力学和轨道动力学的影响。哑铃模型下的电动力绳系摆动动力学方程存在不稳定的周期解，通过Floquet理论来衡量周期解的不稳定程度，从而研究各系统参数对摆动动力学的影响。建立了用春分点轨道元素的形式描述的电动力绳系轨道动力学方程，并以降轨时间来衡量电动力绳系的降轨效率，从而研究系统参数对轨道动力学的影响。运用算例对周期解迁移矩阵的特征值、降轨时间随各系统参数的变化关系进行了仿真，分别得出了各系统参数对系统摆动动力学和轨道动力学的影响。综合本文的仿真结果，并考虑实际发射及空间运行中的其它因素，对电动力绳系的设计和降轨策略提出了建议。