Full blended blade and endwall design of a compressor cascade

In the current state-of-the-art, high-loss flow in the endwall significantly influences compressor performance. Therefore, the control of endwall corner separation in compressor blade rows is important to consider. Based on the previous research of the Blended Blade and EndWall (BBEW) technique, which can significantly reduce corner separation, in combination with a non-axisymmetric endwall, the full-BBEW technique is proposed in this study to further reduce the separation in endwall region. The principle of the unchanged axial passage area is considered to derive the geometric method for this technique. Three models are further classified based on different geometric characteristics of this technique: the BBEW model, Inclining-Only EndWall (IOEW) model, and full-BBEW model. The most effective design of each model is then found by performing several optimizations at the design point and related numerical investigations over the entire operational conditions. Compared with the prototype, the total pressure loss coefficient decreases by 7%–9% in the optimized full-BBEW at the design point. Moreover, the aerodynamic blockage coefficient over the entire operational range decreases more than the other models, which shows its positive effect for diffusion. This approach has a larger decrease at negative incidence angles where the intersection of the boundary layer plays an important role in corner separation. The analysis shows that the blended blade profile enlarges the dihedral angle and creates a span-wise pressure gradient to move low momentum fluid towards the mainstream. Furthermore, the inclining hub geometry accelerates the accumulated flow in the corner downstream by increasing the pressure gradient. Overall, though losses in the mainstream grow, especially for large incidences, the full-BBEW technique effectively reduces the separation in corners.     

端壁抽吸位置对大转角扩压叶栅流场及负荷的影响

实验研究了低速条件下在端壁近吸力面处进行附面层吸除对某大转角扩压叶栅性能的影响.对叶栅出口截面参数和叶片型面静压进行了测量,并在叶片表面及端壁进行了墨迹流动显示.结果表明,端壁抽吸主要影响了吸力面/端壁角区,重新分配叶片根部负荷.在角区未发生分离的位置开始抽吸可有效推迟叶栅内的角区分离,降低损失,改善叶栅端区流动;而在角区已经发生分离的弦向位置开槽吸气则引起了局部回流,恶化了流场,增加了低能流体的掺混和气动损失.     

尾迹对低压涡轮端区非定常流动影响的数值研究

为提高尾迹对涡轮端区二次流影响的认识,利用尾迹降低端区损失,采用了数值模拟的方法对T106A非定常工况下的叶栅流动进行模拟,辅以实验进行校核。以上游尾迹对端区附面层的抬升作用和上游尾迹对叶栅通道前部涡系结构的破坏作用为切入点,分析尾迹对端区二次流非定常发展过程的影响。研究发现尾迹中心离开叶栅通道时,尾迹对叶栅端区二次流起抑制作用;当尾迹尾部离开叶栅通道时,尾迹卷起的轮毂附面层激励了端区二次流,使二次流更加活跃。     

1.5级大子午扩张涡轮非定常流动和传热特性分析

大子午扩张涡轮端壁二次流与热负荷之间的关系,对于端壁冷却非常重要。本文采用几何约化法,对某1.5级大子午扩张涡轮进行数值模拟,研究了大子午扩张涡轮上端壁非定常流动和传热特性。计算结果表明：大子午扩张涡轮上通道涡尺度较大且位置发生改变,沿径向向下移动约20%叶高;R1出口泄漏涡、通道涡和尾迹是造成S2流动和传热非定常性的主要因素;传热与二次流密切相关,对传热研究必须与流动相结合。研究结果将有助于提高对大子午扩张涡轮端壁非定常流动和传热特性的认识。     

孔式抽吸对带间隙高负荷压气机性能的影响

实验研究了端壁孔式附面层抽吸对带间隙的高负荷直列叶栅流动特性和气动性能的影响,通过三种附面层抽吸方案与原型方案的对比分析,探讨了附面层抽吸抑制间隙流动、减小损失的机理。对叶片表面和下端壁进行了墨迹流动显示,并利用五孔探针对叶栅出口气动参数进行了测量,对比分析了叶栅流道内的流场特征和损失分布。结果表明,在间隙内布置抽吸孔能有效降低间隙流动动能,削弱间隙流与主流之间的相互掺混作用,减小因间隙流动引起的端壁区域流动分离,从而达到对三维流动分离的抑制,有效降低损失,且最大降幅达16.7%;间隙流动引起的流动分离和损失在流道中占主导地位,尽管在端壁沿周向合理布置抽吸孔能在一定程度上抑制近端壁的附面层或二次流发展,但这种局部效应仍不能显著改善叶栅的整体性能;端壁上不合理的抽吸控制策略反而可能影响主流的正常流动,导致损失增加,其中方案4损失增加了约3%。     

基于均匀设计法的涡轮叶栅水滴型前缘修型结构的数值优化研究

为了最大程度地降低端区二次流对涡轮叶栅带来的流动损失,对某典型低压涡轮叶栅引入水滴型前缘修型结构并进行设计参数优化。首先使用控制变量法研究单一设计参数变化对流动控制效果的影响;然后基于均匀设计法,对不同设计参数组合的水滴型前缘修型结构的流动控制效果进行数值模拟,获取控制端区二次流最优的设计方案。结果表明：控制变量优化下的最佳设计方案可以使总压损失降低6.1%;均匀设计优化下的最佳设计方案可以使总压损失降低8.61%。与控制变量法相比,均匀设计法得到的水滴型前缘修型优化结构能够更大程度地降低前缘马蹄涡强度,延后通道涡到达吸力面的位置,减小通道涡对主流的影响范围,进而从流动机理层面证实了均匀设计法优化水滴型前缘修型的可行性。     

发散冷却与槽缝射流对涡轮静叶端壁气热性能影响的研究

燃烧室壁面发散冷却气流影响下游涡轮静叶端壁的气热性能,论文采用数值求解三维Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes（RANS）方程和SST湍流模型的方法研究了燃烧室壁面发散冷却和前缘槽缝射流作用下的涡轮静叶端壁流动结构和传热冷却特性。分析了3种发散冷却流量质量比和3种前缘槽缝射流质量流量比下的涡轮静叶端壁绝热有效度、静叶叶片泛冷却特性和叶栅流动结构。研究表明：在3种发散冷却气质量比工况下,槽缝射流质量流量比由1.0%增加至1.5%时,整体绝热冷却有效度可至少提升60%,且叶片前缘与压力面角区也得到充分冷却;发散冷却质量流量比增加会改善叶栅出口下游部分端壁冷却效果。上游发散孔流量大于下游孔且槽缝吸力面侧局部质量流量比高于滞止点附近位置,发散冷却与槽缝射流流量增加能够减小冷却气流量局部差异。发散冷却与槽缝射流流量增加会削弱马蹄涡,增强空腔涡,并对二次涡产生影响,从而改变冷却气流覆盖特性。静叶端壁气热性能的研究需要考虑上游燃烧室壁面发散冷却的影响,论文的工作为涡轮静叶端壁冷却性能分析提供了参考。     

叶顶抽吸对叶栅间隙泄漏流动的控制研究

为了控制压气机叶尖间隙泄漏流动,减少叶尖泄漏流和泄漏涡对压气机内部流场带来的不利影响,数值模拟研究了在压气机叶栅叶顶位置沿叶片中弧线开槽抽吸对叶尖泄漏流的控制效果,并与端壁流向开槽抽吸方案进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:叶顶抽吸和端壁抽吸直接通过影响叶尖泄漏流的结构形态,减弱间隙泄漏流强度和影响范围,从而提升压气机/叶栅性能。叶顶中游抽吸方案Slot TB对于泄漏流与泄漏涡的控制效果优于叶顶上游抽吸方案Slot TA;而机匣端壁上游抽吸方案Slot CA相较于中游抽吸方案Slot CB对叶顶流场改善效果更佳。叶顶抽吸和端壁抽吸在抽吸量为0.6%时分别可以使总压损失系数下降约3.3%和7.2%。     

Investigation of flow unsteadiness in a highly-loaded compressor cascade using a dynamic mode decomposition method

Unsteady flow in the hub endwall region has long been a hot topic in the turbomachinery community. However important it is to the performance of the whole engine, the coherent unsteady flow phenomena are still not well understood. In this paper, the complex flow field in the hub endwall of a cantilevered compressor cascade has been investigated through numerical approach. The predicted results were validated by experimental data. To highlight the dominant flow structures among irregular and chao...