航天器内带电效应的微弱电流监测技术

航天器的内带电效应是影响其在轨稳定运行的重要因素。内带电效应的电流监测可以直接获得一手的内带电效应监测数据,也可获得反映引起内带电效应的高能电子充电环境的状态。针对近地中高地球轨道环境,基于国外电流监测数据并考虑可能遭遇的高能电子暴环境,分析获得了内带电效应电流的测量范围10 fA～500 pA。针对未来中高轨及木星、火星等深空探测任务内带电监测需求,提出了一种微弱电流监测方案,实现了pA级微弱电流测量模块的实验室模拟标定。标定结果表明,在10 fA～500 pA范围内,输入电流与输出测量电压之间的线性度较好。     

薄壁微三维结构件超精密研抛技术研究

针对影响薄壁微结构件超精密研抛的工艺因素,即单次进给量、研磨轨迹、研磨膏选择和去除量精确控制,通过大量的研抛加工试验,进行研抛工艺研究,得到能实现稳定和理想加工结果的研抛工艺,很好的满足零件性能要求。     

Nanofillers modification of Epocast 50-A1/946 epoxy for bonded joints

Epocast 50-A1/946 epoxy was primarily developed for joining and repairing of composite aircraft structural components. The objective of the present work is to modify the Epocast epoxy resin by different nanofillers infusion. The used nanofillers include multi-walled carbon nanotubes（MWCNTs）, SiC and Al2O3 nanoparticles. The nanofillers with different weight percentages are ultrasonically dispersed in the epoxy resin. The sonication time and amplitude for MWCNTs are reduced compared to Al2O3 and SiC nanoparticles to avoid the damage of MWCNTs during sonication processes. The fabricated neat epoxy and twelve nanocomposite panels were characterized via standard tension and in-plane shear tests. The experimental results show that the nanocomposites materials with 0.5wt% MWCNTs, 1.5wt% SiC and 1.5wt% Al2O3 nanoparticles have the highest improvement in the tensile properties compared to the other nanofiller loading percentages.The improvements in the shear properties of these nanocomposite materials were respectively equal to 5.5%, 4.9%, and 6.3% for shear strengths, and 10.3%, 16.0%, and 8.1% for shear moduli. The optimum nanofiller loading percentages will be used in the following papers concerning their effect on the bonded joints/repairs of carbon fiber reinforced composites.     

小半径弯管弯胀复合成形研究

为解决小半径弯管内侧起皱、外侧减薄的成形缺陷,提出了一种弯胀复合成形的方法。通过几何关系解析了初始弯曲半径和初始管坯直径与最终管径和最终弯曲半径之间的关系,确定了初始弯曲半径的取值范围。采用有限元与实验相结合的方式研究了不同初始弯曲半径对零件壁厚分布的影响,分析了胀形过程中零件弯曲处及直壁处的变形规律。最终发现:初始弯曲半径越大,零件的最终减薄越小,胀形过程中弯曲处内外侧发生均匀减薄,直壁处内侧减薄明显大于外侧减薄。     

基于LabVIEW的超精密磨床嵌入式监控系统

针对超精密磨削机床的监控需求,基于NI–sbRIO硬件平台开发了一套应用于超精密磨床状态监测和数据采集的嵌入式监控系统,使用FPGA对温度、振动、声发射等信息进行实时数据采集,并使用实时处理器对数据进行分析和处理,实现对机床的实时状态监测和数据存储。通过FPGA编程取代硬件数据采集卡,成本低,灵活性强。试验表明,该系统能够胜任超精密磨床的监控任务。     

基于断口分析的钛合金轮内部缺陷损伤容限

为进行某轮损伤容限设计,开展了裂纹扩展断口分析和仿真分析研究。由断口分析可知:疲劳源为一处内部自然缺陷;依据疲劳辉纹确定了裂纹扩展速率;在裂纹长度为2 mm附近,裂纹扩展速率明显增大,为第一、第二加载阶段转换区域;裂纹稳定扩展区裂纹长度与裂纹扩展速率呈双对数线性关系;应用列表梯度法和Paris公式法反推了第二加载阶段的疲劳寿命,与该阶段实际循环次数的最大误差是163%。裂纹稳定扩展阶段裂纹扩展仿真值与断口反推值吻合;非稳定扩展阶段仿真值与断口反推值的最大误差为-215%;基于以上研究,合理确定了某离心轮内部裂纹表面扩展停机检测周期。该类轮非稳定、失稳扩展阶段寿命占内部裂纹表面扩展阶段寿命的比例达248%~357%,因此准确计算具有重要意义。     

隔舱式双脉冲发动机第Ⅱ脉冲点火过程数值仿真

基于计算流体力学和相关点火理论,对双脉冲发动机第Ⅱ脉冲点火瞬态过程的流场进行了数值分析,并进行了发动机第Ⅱ脉冲点火试车试验。结果表明：在隔板打开前,第Ⅱ脉冲燃烧室高压区的位置由燃烧室前端向隔板移动,压强沿燃烧室径向变化较小,沿轴向变化较大,燃烧室头部和尾部近壁面区域一直处于低温;6 ms时隔板打开,第Ⅱ脉冲燃烧室压强下降05 MPa,药柱内孔前后端压强差波动剧烈,药柱内孔前端温度场下降600 K,而其他区域温度变化较小。隔板打开后,沿隔板下游第Ⅰ脉冲燃烧室轴线形成带状高温区,第Ⅰ脉冲燃烧室头部和尾部依次出现压强峰值,第Ⅰ脉冲燃烧室压强在18 ms时达到稳定,而温度在25 ms时达到稳定。试验测得的第Ⅰ、Ⅱ脉冲燃烧室压强-时间曲线和仿真结果吻合较好,表明该仿真方法具有一定的准确性。     

Specific grinding energy and surface roughness of nanoparticle jet minimum quantity lubrication in grinding

Nanoparticles with the anti-wear and friction reducing features were applied as cooling lubricant in the grinding fluid. Dry grinding, flood grinding, minimal quantity of lubrication（MQL）, and nanoparticle jet MQL were used in the grinding experiments. The specific grinding energy of dry grinding, flood grinding and MQL were 84, 29.8, 45.5 J/mm³, respectively. The specific grinding energy significantly decreased to 32.7 J/mm³ in nanoparticle MQL. Compared with dry grinding, the surface roughness values of flood grinding, MQL, and nanoparticle jet MQL were significantly reduced with the surface topography profile values reduced by 11%, 2.5%, and 10%,respectively, and the ten point height of microcosmic unflatness values reduced by 1.5%, 0.5%,and 1.3%, respectively. These results verified the satisfactory lubrication effects of nanoparticle MQL. MoS₂, carbon nanotube（CNT）, and ZrO₂ nanoparticles were also added in the grinding fluid of nanoparticle jet MQL to analyze their grinding surface lubrication effects. The specific grinding energy of MoS₂ nanoparticle was only 32.7 J/mm³, which was 8.22% and 10.39% lower than those of the other two nanoparticles. Moreover, the surface roughness of workpiece was also smaller with MoS₂ nanoparticle, which indicated its remarkable lubrication effects. Furthermore,the role of MoS₂ particles in the grinding surface lubrication at different nanoparticle volume concentrations was analyzed. MoS₂ volume concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% were used.Experimental results revealed that the specific grinding energy and the workpiece surface roughness initially increased and then decreased as MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration increased.Satisfactory grinding surface lubrication effects were obtained with 2% MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration.     

吸气式高超声速飞行器内外流同时测力试验

为研究吸气式高超声速飞行器新型测力试验技术的可行性,在马赫数Ma=6、高度H=27km模拟飞行环境下开展了风洞试验。以轴对称吸气式高超声速飞行器无舵翼简化构型为研究对象,通过合理的试验系统设计解决内外流解耦关键技术,采用两个环式六分量天平在同一车次上测量模型内外流气动力载荷。试验结果表明:内外流气动力天平测量数据和全模气动力数据准确反映了内外流解耦、内外流窜流、进气道起动/不起动以及溢流影响等物理现象;从物理上实现了内外流解耦;内流气动力对全机气动性能贡献大;内外流解耦、进气道起动时,气动力数据准确、重复性好;窜流产生的传力属于内力。试验证明,同时测力试验技术可行,为解决内外流气动数据源于不同试验所致的不确定性问题提供了有效手段。     

TC4钛合金材料采用金刚石砂轮磨削时的工艺参数优化

钛合金材料在航空器和发动机中的应用极为广泛,涡扇发动机中低压压气机静子叶片基本由钛合金材料制成,由于钛合金的磨削性能较差,对选用金刚石砂轮进行钛合金材料磨削时的主要工艺影响因素（如进给速度、磨抛深度等）进行了试验分析,优选出更适用于金刚石砂轮磨削钛合金的工艺参数,该参数不仅能够用于自研的双面仿形抛修设备,还可以对其他型号磨床磨削钛合金材料时的工艺参数选择提供指导。