航天器真空热试验数据可视化系统设计与实现

针对航天器真空热试验测控数据处理现状和需求,通过引入三维数据可视化技术,设计了一种数据可视化系统。该系统运用Java 3D技术,通过虚拟场景设定,将真空热试验试件三维设计模型与热模型结合,实现温度数据—颜色映射,以云图形式显示测控数据,并实现与现有测控软件数据交互。典型试验结果表明:该可视化系统可以实时、真实、直观地显示试件在真空热试验过程中的温度变化情况,为试验过程中的实时温度监视和工况判读提供有效手段。     

基于漏磁与磁阻系数迭代的三自由度混合型磁悬浮轴承的设计

提出一种基于漏磁与磁阻系数迭代计算的参数设计方法,将软磁材料内部磁场的磁通密度非饱和作为约束条件,以满足最大悬浮力条件下的体积最小化为优化设计目标,通过循环迭代的方式计算各部分漏磁系数与磁阻系数,最后得到该三自由度混合型磁悬浮轴承各部分的结构参数.利用有限元电磁场分析软件对其进行三维电磁场建模与仿真分析,仿真结果验证了该参数设计方法及其结果的合理性与正确性.给出了静态起浮、悬浮、冲击、转速为30000r/min时转轴位移与控制电流的波形.实验结果表明:基于该方法设计出的三自由度混合型磁悬浮轴承具有良好的悬浮特性.      

椭圆三体问题中的时间周期不变流形

借助有限时间Lyapunov指数（FTLE）定义拉格朗日拟序结构（LCS）,并以单摆系统为例阐述LCS与动力系统中不变流形之间的联系.利用LCS研究椭圆限制性三体问题（ER3BP）中的时间周期不变流形的性质.采用数值方法验证得到了两点结论：时间周期不变流形的内部是穿越轨道集,外部是非穿越轨道集;时间周期不变流形是轨道的不变集.     

Severe disruption of the cytoskeleton and immunologically relevant surface molecules in a human macrophageal cell line in microgravity—Results of an in vitro experiment on board of the Shenzhou-8 space mission

During spaceflight the immune system is one of the most affected systems of the human body. During the SIMBOX (Science in Microgravity Box) mission on Shenzhou-8, we investigated microgravity-associated long-term alterations in macrophageal cells, the most important effector cells of the immune system. We analyzed the effect of long-term microgravity on the cytoskeleton and immunologically relevant surface molecules. Human U937 cells were differentiated into a macrophageal phenotype and exposed to microgravity or 1g on a reference centrifuge on-orbit for 5 days. After on-orbit fixation, the samples were analyzed with immunocytochemical staining and confocal microscopy after landing. The unmanned Shenzhou-8 spacecraft was launched on board a Long March 2F (CZ-2F) rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (JSLC) and landed after a 17-day-mission. We found a severely disturbed actin cytoskeleton, disorganized tubulin and distinctly reduced expression of CD18, CD36 and MHC-II after the 5 days in microgravity. The disturbed cytoskeleton, the loss of surface receptors for bacteria recognition, the activation of T lymphocytes, the loss of an important scavenger receptor and of antigen-presenting molecules could represent a dysfunctional macrophage phenotype. This phenotype in microgravity would be not capable of migrating or recognizing and attacking pathogens, and it would no longer activate the specific immune system, which could be investigated in functional assays. Obviously, the results have to be interpreted with caution as the model system has some limitations and due to numerous technical and biological restrictions (e.g. 23 °C and no CO₂ supply during in-flight incubation). All parameter were carefully pre-tested on ground. Therefore, the experiment could be adapted to the experimental conditions available on Shenzhou-8.     

“嫦娥三号”探测器软着陆自主导航与制导技术

"嫦娥三号"探测器首次实现了我国航天器在地外天体软着陆,制导导航与控制技术是软着陆任务成功的关键。针对高安全和高可靠软着陆任务的要求,设计了包含接力避障的软着陆飞行程序,提出了单波束分时修正与多波束融合修正的自主导航方法和自适应动力显式制导、无迭代多项式粗避障制导以及内外环结合的精避障制导等方法。实际在轨飞行结果表明,导航算法提供了高精度的状态估计,制导算法实现了高精度状态控制和有效避障机动,确保了软着陆落月的安全性和可靠性。     

A direct fusion drive for rocket propulsion

The Direct Fusion Drive (DFD), a compact, anuetronic fusion engine, will enable more challenging exploration missions in the solar system. The engine proposed here uses a deuterium–helium-3 reaction to produce fusion energy by employing a novel field-reversed configuration (FRC) for magnetic confinement. The FRC has a simple linear solenoid coil geometry yet generates higher plasma pressure, hence higher fusion power density, for a given magnetic field strength than other magnetic-confinement plasma devices. Waste heat generated from the plasma?s Bremsstrahlung and synchrotron radiation is recycled to maintain the fusion temperature. The charged reaction products, augmented by additional propellant, are exhausted through a magnetic nozzle. A 1 MW DFD is presented in the context of a mission to deploy the James Webb Space Telescope (6200 kg) from GPS orbit to a Sun–Earth L2 halo orbit in 37 days using just 353 kg of propellant and about half a kilogram of ³He. The engine is designed to produce 40 N of thrust with an exhaust velocity of 56.5 km/s and has a specific power of 0.18 kW/kg.     

3D打印夹芯复合材料模拟冰型设计与分析

适航取证是所有民用飞机走向市场投入使用的必经环节。根据适航条例,测试机完成模拟冰型试飞是必须进行的Ⅰ类风险试飞课目,以考察飞机综合的气动以及操作稳定性能。由于真实结冰飞行测试难度大风险高,因此开展模拟冰型的研究设计格外重要。以某民用飞机机翼自然结冰过程为研究对象,首先,确定研究飞机的临界冰型,设计模拟冰型结构以及采用3D打印夹芯材料制作复合材料模拟冰型;其次,通过CFD仿真得到带冰模型在极端工况下所承受的气动载荷,利用有限元分析得到模拟冰型的破坏强度以及破坏形式;最后,通过静力试验验证仿真结果的有效性,继而验证3D打印夹芯复合材料模拟冰型设计方案的可行性。     

TiC-TiB2复合相钛基稀土激光熔覆层组织与性能

采用通快同轴送粉4002光纤激光器,在TC4表面熔覆制备了不同含量Y₂O₃的TC4+Ni45+Co-WC+Y₂O₃钛基复合耐磨涂层。采用XRD、SEM、EDS、EPMA测试研究了涂层微观组织,利用显微硬度计、摩擦磨损实验机和白光轮廓仪分析评价了涂层的显微硬度和摩擦学性能。结果表明,涂层生成相不随Y₂O₃含量变化而改变,主要包括Ti₂Ni、TiC、TiB₂以及α-Ti;未添加Y₂O₃涂层,生成相尺寸粗大,方向性明显;随着Y₂O₃的加入,涂层组织逐步细化,生成相方向性减弱;当Y₂O₃为3wt%时,涂层析出相以颗粒和短棒状相为主,合成了大量TiC-TiB₂依附生长复合相,经二维点阵错配度计算,TiB₂（0001）与TiC （111）错配度δ为0.912%,TiC与TiB₂形成了共格界面,可有效增加涂层组织分布均匀性;Y₂O₃含量为0wt%、1wt%和3wt%时,涂层显微硬度逐渐减小,磨损体积先增大后减小,摩擦系数逐渐降低;在TiC-TiB₂复合相的作用下,3wt% Y₂O₃涂层的耐磨、减摩性最优,涂层磨损机理为磨粒磨损。     

3D打印连续纤维增强复合材料研究现状综述

纤维增强复合材料因其优异的力学性能已被广泛应用于各工业领域,但由于传统制造工艺的限制,复合材料依然无法应用于一些具有复杂构型的结构。近年来,3D打印技术的快速发展有望实现复杂几何形状复合材料结构的有效制造,从而进一步拓展复合材料的应用范围。连续纤维增强复合材料3D打印技术的成熟应用对于中国高端装备的制造具有重要意义。从力学性能角度出发,对3D打印连续纤维增强复合材料的研究现状进行综述分析,重点分析了打印温度、打印层厚度、增强纤维类型、材料堆叠方式、纤维体积含量、打印扫描间距等工艺参数对复合材料力学性能的影响机制;讨论了3D打印复合材料在典型载荷下的力学性能及损伤演化规律,明确了影响/制约其力学性能的主要原因;介绍了3D打印复合材料的强度/刚度分析预测方法,并对研究发展趋势进行了总结和展望。     

三维全五向编织耳片接头力学性能试验研究

通过单向静力拉伸试验研究了三维全五向编织复合材料耳片接头的力学性能。试件选用T700-12K碳纤维采用四步法编织预制件,以TDE-85环氧树脂为基体,经树脂传递模塑（RTM）工艺固化成型。对两种几何尺寸、两种孔加工方式（编织预留孔和机械制孔）的三维全五向编织复合材料耳片接头试件的力学性能进行了试验研究。试验结果表明,同尺寸三维全五向编织预留孔接头的承载力是机械制孔接头承载力的6倍;对相同孔径及厚度的耳片,增大耳片宽度能大幅提升耳片承载力,但并不能显著提高其初始破坏载荷。