载人航天器空气环境参数控制非定常仿真分析

为支持乘员在轨驻留,载人航天器需通过空气环境控制系统将众多设计参数和空气环境参数控制在指标范围内。文章建立了一种载人航天器空气环境非定常控制仿真分析模型,包括舱体模块、航天员模块、舱压控制模块、温湿度控制模块以及CO2净化模块。利用该模型分析了载人航天器空气环境参数随乘员代谢水平的非定常变化趋势,并评估了控制系统的工作性能。结果表明:乘员代谢水平变化对空气环境参数有显著影响,通过调节控制系统运行参数可将各空气参数控制在有效指标范围内。人区温度与O2分压、CO2分压和人区湿度有密切的影响关系,不可孤立地进行分析。为载人航天器空气环境参数控制系统的设计和流程改进提供了依据。     

应用协同射流控制的临近空间螺旋桨高增效方法

基于雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程与多块搭接网格技术,数值模拟了协同射流(CFJ)翼型及桨叶的黏性绕流,分析了CFJ技术的增升减阻效果及工作机理。研究了CFJ的功率及效能比的分析方法,量化分析了CFJ的能量利用率。开展了喷口大小、喷口动量系数等参数对CFJ翼型性能的影响规律研究,并在此基础上开展了应用CFJ的临近空间螺旋桨高增效方法研究。结果表明:数值模拟结果与实验值吻合良好,在不同状态下,CFJ控制技术均能显著改善翼型气动性能。其中,最大升力系数提高了60%~130%;阻力系数降低了100%~440%,部分小迎角工况甚至出现负阻力系数,升阻比显著提高;翼型失速特性明显改善,失速迎角提高了近10°;能量利用率高,效能比可达440%。最终,在最优参数条件设置下,采用基于CFJ控制技术的临近空间螺旋桨可提高效率5%以上。     

Singular formalism and admissible control of spacecraft with rotating flexible solar array

This paper is concerned with the attitude control of a three-axis-stabilized spacecraft which consists of a central rigid body and a flexible sun-tracking solar array driven by a solar array drive assembly. Based on the linearization of the dynamics of the spacecraft and the modal identi- ties about the flexible and rigid coupling matrices, the spacecraft attitude dynamics is reduced to a formally singular system with periodically varying parameters, which is quite different from a space- craft with fixed appendages. In the framework of the singular control theory, the regularity and impulse-freeness of the singular system is analyzed and then admissible attitude controllers are designed by Lyapunov＇s method. To improve the robustness against system uncertainties, an H∞ optimal control is designed by optimizing the H∞ norm of the system transfer function matrix. Comparative numerical experiments are performed to verify the theoretical results.     

Sliding mode control based guidance law with impact angle constraint

The terminal guidance problem for an unpowered lifting reentry vehicle against a sta- tionary target is considered. In addition to attacking the target with high accuracy, the vehicle is also expected to achieve a desired impact angle. In this paper, a sliding mode control （SMC）-based guidance law is developed to satisfy the terminal angle constraint. Firstly, a specific sliding mode function is designed, and the terminal requirements can be achieved by enforcing both the sliding mode function and its derivative to zero at the end of the flight. Then, a backstepping approach is used to ensure the finite-time reaching phase of the sliding mode and the analytic expression of the control effort can be obtained. The trajectories generated by this method only depend on the initial and terminal conditions of the terminal phase and the instantaneous states of the vehicle. In order to test the performance of the proposed guidance law in practical application, numerical simulations are carried out by taking all the aerodynamic parameters into consideration. The effec- tiveness of the proposed guidance law is verified by the simulation results in various scenarios.     

Analysis of crack opening stresses for center- and edge-crack tension specimens

Accurate determination of crack opening stress is of central importance to fatigue crack growth analysis and life prediction based on the crack-closure model. This paper studies the crack opening behavior for center- and edge-crack tension specimens. It is found that the crack opening stress is affected by the crack tip element. By taking the crack tip element into account, a modified crack opening stress equation is given for the center-crack tension specimen. Crack surface displace- ment equations for an edge crack in a semi-infinite plate under remote uniform tension and partially distributed pressure are derived by using the weight function method. Based on these displacements, a crack opening stress equation for an edge crack in a semi-infinite plate under uniform tension has been developed. The study shows that the crack opening stress is geometry-dependent, and the weight function method provides an effective and reliable tool to deal with such geometry depen- dence.     

Attitude control system design and on-orbit performance analysis of nano-satellite––‘‘Tian Tuo 1’’

‘‘Tian Tuo 1'(TT-1) nano-satellite is the first single-board nano-satellite that was successfully launched in China. The main objective of TT-1 is technology demonstration and scientific measurements. The satellite carries out the significant exploration of single-board architecture feasibility validation, and it is tailored to the low-cost philosophy by adopting numerous commercialoff-the-shelf(COTS) components. The satellite is featured with three-axis stabilization control capability. A pitch bias momentum wheel and three magnetic coils are adopted as control actuators.The sun sensors, magnetometers and a three-axis gyro are employed as the measurement sensors.The quaternion estimator(QUEST) and unscented Kalman filter(UKF) method are adopted for the nano-satellite attitude determination. On-orbit data received by ground station is conducted to analysis the performance of attitude determination and control system(ADCS). The results show that the design of ADCS for TT-1 is suitable, robust and feasible.     

多轴随机载荷下的疲劳寿命估算方法

提出了一种多轴随机载荷下的疲劳寿命预测方法.通过雨流计数法对各平面上的剪应变进行循环计数,以统计出的剪应变循环作为多轴疲劳损伤的主要控制参数,将各剪应变循环历程内对应的最大正应力和正应变变程作为多轴疲劳损伤的第二控制参数.根据多轴疲劳寿命模型计算出各平面上的损伤,以最大损伤平面作为多轴随机疲劳的临界平面,通过该临界平面上的损伤计算出多轴随机载荷下的疲劳寿命.采用SNCM630钢,304不锈钢和S45C钢3种金属材料的多轴随机疲劳试验数据对提出的寿命预测方法进行评估和验证.结果表明:疲劳寿命预测结果大都分布在试验结果的2倍分散带之内.     

基于高速慢车的航空发动机快速响应控制

针对传统航空发动机响应速度慢,难以在紧急事件中用于控制受损飞机完成起降过程的问题,采用高速慢车控制模式来提升发动机加速性能,通过增加发动机在慢车时高压压气机转速,为加速前期提供更大的燃油流量,从而缩短发动机从慢车至最大状态的加速时间。为保证慢车时高压转子转速提高的同时发动机推力和稳定裕度不变,通过修改高压压气机可调导叶控制计划来调整高压转子工作点。仿真结果显示,与原有控制相比,采用高速慢车快速响应控制模式的发动机加速上升时间从原来的2.00s缩短至1.86s,而高压压气机最小喘振裕度仅由16.01%下降至14.81%,同时慢车推力基本保持不变。     

超临界翼型射流环量控制的数值计算

为提高飞行器的升力特性,改善起飞着陆和机动性能,研究了射流环量控制对超临界翼型气动特性的影响。基于计算流体力学,对影响计算效率和精度的网格参数进行了优化设计,得到一种高效高精度网格的剖分方法;并以此为基础,建立超临界翼型环量控制的计算模型,求解雷诺平均N-S方程,分析了环量控制在不同动量系数和迎角下的作用效果,数值计算结果与实验结果基本一致。结果表明:环量控制大大提高了翼型的气动特性,且在小迎角或负迎角就可以产生较大的升力,但是动量系数并不是越大越好。计算结果可为进一步研究环量控制对飞行器的影响奠定理论基础。     

无人机爬升转弯航迹预测

信息获取、自动精确打击等使得无人机已成为不可缺少的武器。快速精确的航迹预测可以提高作战效率,提供及时、最优的冲突解决方案。针对无人机的优良特性,首先优化无人机的航迹模型,并对其可行性进行理论推导,重点研究了以最大功率爬升转弯过程,验证了优化后的过程优于普通爬升转弯模型。此航迹预测方法可以快速得出航迹特征点以及到达航迹特征点的时间。