基于时间步进自由尾迹的旋翼总距突增气动响应分析

自由尾迹的桨叶气动模型中,考虑了由于桨叶预扭导致尾随涡不在同一个平面对控制点诱导速度的影响,翼型气动模型采用Leishman-Beddoes非定常气动模型,并推导得到操纵下的桨叶挥舞运动方程。采用二阶精度时间步进格式,耦合桨叶气动模型、挥舞运动方程,构建时间步进自由尾迹算法。而后计算旋翼尾迹在操纵条件下的变化历程,得到旋翼的气动响应。通过计算结果与实验数据的对比,验证方法的可行性,并分析操纵速率、预扭对气动响应的影响。     

A New Single-blade Based Hybrid CFD Method for Hovering and Forward-flight Rotor Computation

A hybrid Euler/full potential/Lagrangian wake method,based on single-blade simulation,for predicting unsteady aerodynamic flow around helicopter rotors in hover and forward flight has been developed.In this method,an Euler solver is used to model the near wake evolution and transonic flow phenomena in the vicinity of the blade,and a full potential equation(FPE) is used to model the isentropic potential flow region far away from the rotor,while the wake effects of other blades and the far wake are incorporated into the flow solution as an induced inflow distribution using a Lagrangian based wake analysis.To further reduce the execution time,the computational fluid dynamics(CFD) solution and rotor wake analysis(including induced velocity up-date) are conducted parallelly,and a load balancing strategy is employed to account for the information exchange between two solvers.By the developed method,several hover and forward-flight cases on Caradonna-Tung and Helishape 7A rotors are per-formed.Good agreements of the loadings on blade surface with available measured data demonstrate the validation of the method.Also,the CPU time required for different computation runs is compared in the paper,and the results show that the pre-sent hybrid method is superior to conventional CFD method in time cost,and will be more efficient with the number of blades increasing.     

涡轮级内非定常流场的数值研究

对涡轮级内非定常流动进行了数值研究,探讨了转子和静子叶片之间的非定常相干的机理。结果表明,高频振动对整个流场的非定常性没有太大的影响,1倍频处的波动幅度占据主导地位,可用正弦函数近似表示叶片上力随时间脉动,时均效应和1倍频效应的影响是统一的。静叶尾迹中波动最强烈的区域正好撞击到动叶通道中央,非定常脉动影响主要出现在前缘附近。     

基于线性规划的直升机旋翼性能优化分析

针对直升机的悬停飞行状态,建立了一个基于线性规划的旋翼性能优化分析模型.应用该分析模型,以四叶模型旋翼为算例,对优化前后桨叶扭转角和环量值的分布进行了对比,并讨论了它们之间的关系.计算结果表明,应用所建立的优化方法对旋翼几何参数进行优化,可在保持旋翼拉力不变的情况下,显著减小旋翼消耗的功率.     

再入弹头非平衡尾迹的回波特性分析

本文利用文[1]方法计算了纯空气非平衡再入弹头尾迹流场,分析了尾迹等离子体场对雷达波的频响效应,并进一步估算了几种高程条件下的雷达散射截面,说明影响截面大小和分布的几个重要因素。分析和计算表明,以物体底部直径和环境参数表征的雷诺数达到转捩值以后,在完全湍流尾迹中可能出现散射截面的突增现象。     

Unsteady experimental and numerical investigation of aerodynamic performance in ultra-high-lift LPT

Detailed experimental and numerical investigations were performed for an ultra-high-lift front-loaded low-pressure turbine cascade (Zw = 1.58) with periodic wakes. The interaction mechanisms between the incoming wakes and endwall secondary flow were carefully examined. Wakes were produced by moving upstream rods, and flow field downstream of the cascade was measured using a seven-hole probe. Experimental results revealed that incoming wakes influenced not only the boundary layer development of the blade suction surface but also the complex endwall secondary vortex structures. On the suction surface: Incoming wakes clearly suppressed the suction side separation bubble at a low Reynolds number of 25000. Nevertheless, the effects of different wake passing frequencies were not significantly different at Re = 100000, and the profile losses under wake passing were even greater than in the absence of wakes. At the endwalls: Incoming wakes more strongly suppressed secondary flow at Re = 100000 than at Re = 25000, because the low-momentum fluid inside the incoming wakes clearly increased the endwall cross-passage pressure gradient at Re = 25000. The experimental results indicated that periodic wakes decreased the passage vortex and counter vortex core strength by 25% and 30%, respectively, at Re = 100000. Instantaneous results also demonstrated that endwall secondary vortices decreased significantly near the position of wakes passing.     

风力机尾流流场的数值分析和尾流边界建模

采用计算流体力学(Computational fluid dynamics,CFD)的方法模拟致动盘,研究了尾流边界的发展过程。为了准确捕捉尾流边界细节,根据尾流边界的速度梯度远远大于流场中的其他区域的速度梯度的特性,使用自适应弹簧网格技术,使网格的最密区域始终跟随尾流边界运动。基于该数值模拟结果建立了一个尾流边界模型。该模型将尾流的发展分为与粘性无关的膨胀过程和与粘性相关的扩散过程,建模结果与实验结果吻合。在此基础上,还利用该模型对高斯分布预测(Gaussian distribution prediction,GDP)尾流模型进行了修正,使其更加准确。     

直升机旋翼对机身气动干扰的计算

基于旋翼自由尾迹模型和三维机身源面元模型，建立了一个全耦合的旋翼／机身气动干扰迭代计算方法。为正确模拟旋翼桨尖涡与机身表面间的大定常贴近干扰，采用了一个“分析数值匹配法”的“贴近涡／面干扰模型”。应用该计算方法，分别计算了旋翼干扰状态下的机身表面点的非定常压强分布和机身的非定常气动升力，俯仰力矩随前进比的变化，以及干扰前后的机身定常压强分布。计算表明，机身上由于旋翼的干扰引起的非定常气动载荷呈现出与旋翼相同的周期性。然后，对比了本“贴近涡面干扰模型”和先前“截断涡线模型”对干扰计算的影响，表明了前对计算结果的重要改进。     

“嫦娥一号”卫星观测近月太阳风离子特征

"嫦娥一号"卫星的太阳风离子探测器(SWIDs)的科学目标是研究太阳风与月球的相互作用以及相应的近月空间等离子体环境。文章利用"嫦娥一号"卫星SWIDs探测器在2007年12月30日的观测数据对近月太阳风等离子体环境,包括向阳侧太阳风离子、"拾起"离子以及在月球尾迹边界处的太阳风离子的特征进行分析,得到以下主要观测结果:1)在慢速太阳风中观测到双峰结构,分别为太阳风中的氢离子和二价氦离子;2)在行星际磁场具有明显昏向(+By)分量期间,在月球向阳侧持续观测到有月表散射或反射后被拾起的太阳风离子;3)与入射的太阳风离子不同,这些拾起的太阳风离子具有明显的角度分布特征;4)在行星际磁场昏向(晨向)期间,太阳风中的氢离子在月球尾迹北半球的边界处呈现减速(加速)特征并进入尾迹;而并未发现氦离子进入尾迹的特征。"嫦娥一号"卫星的这些观测数据对于认识近月空间等离子体环境有着重要的意义。     

基于尾流的超空泡航行体变结构制导律设计

针对超空泡航行体机动能力差、探测手段有限等特点,提出了一种基于目标舰船尾流梯度信息的变结构制导律.通过激光探测机动目标的尾流信息,动态解算尾流梯度方向;采用滑模变结构理论设计制导律,实现对尾流梯度方向的精确跟踪,最终完成对目标舰船的精确打击.该方法利用目标尾流信息,避免对目标运动状态进行复杂估计计算,不仅降低了对机动能力的要求,同时大大减小能量消耗,提高了有效航程.仿真结果表明,系统响应迅速,可以实现快速精确的目标跟踪打击,且具有很强的鲁棒性和抗干扰性.