基于纯比例导引的拦截碰撞角约束制导策略

拦截碰撞角约束制导是当前导弹制导研究的关键问题之一。首先基于理想比例导引（IPN）律拦截非机动目标的解析解,推导了纯比例导引律（PPN）拦截固定目标的解析解,得到了弹目相对距离、制导指令加速度和导弹前置角的显示表达式,并进一步得到了拦截碰撞角与弹目相对运动状态和比例导引系数之间的解析表达式。其次,基于该解析表达式,提出了基于PPN的拦截碰撞角约束制导策略（PPNIACG）,并探讨了在铅垂面内进行落角约束打击和水平面内进行拦截碰撞角约束打击的2种实现方式。最后,以弹道成型制导律（TSG）和最优碰撞角约束制导律（OIACG）为参考,通过数值仿真算例,对PPNIAC的拦截性能进行了对比分析,验证了所提出制导策略的有效性和正确性。     

北斗导航接收机高增益相干积分算法

近年来,针对弱信号的高灵敏度接收机已逐渐成为国内外的研究热点。加长相干积分时间可以提高信噪比,从而跟踪到更弱的信号。但是,北斗导航接收机跟踪环路并不可以无限加长相干积分时间,相干积分时间的长短和功效还受到卫星导航电文比特跳变的限制。为了消除导航电文比特跳变对相干积分的影响,提出了一种改进的基于最大似然估计的北斗信号位同步方法,完成位同步后再利用先猜后检的方法便可以实现长相干积分。利用软件接收机进行编程设计,仿真结果表明：该长相干积分算法能够稳定可靠地实现对弱信号的跟踪,20ms相干积分环路信噪比约提升12dB,40ms相干积分环路信噪比约提升15dB,80ms相干积分环路信噪比约提升17dB,提高了北斗导航接收机的灵敏度。     

天文光谱测速导航技术与应用思考

随着我国航天技术的发展,航天器对导航系统的精度、自主性、实时性等综合性能需求越来越高。天文光谱测速导航作为近年来提出的新型自主导航技术,具有直接获取航天器速度信息且实时性好、测速精度高等特点,具有广阔的应用前景。在梳理近年来天文光谱测速导航研究进展的基础上,结合天文光谱测速导航的特点,深入思考并提出了若干天文光谱测速导航技术应用组合。基于当前航天任务的需求和研究的难点,结合国内外技术趋势和我国实际工程需求,指出了天文光谱测速导航技术未来的重点研究方向及内容。天文光谱测速导航为我国航天探测工程任务导航提供了一条崭新的技术途径,对天文光谱测速导航技术的持续研究将有力促进我国航天领域导航技术的发展,提升天文导航理论研究能力和工程研制技术水平。     

基于气压高度辅助的机载自主完好性监测算法

卫星接收机自主完好性监测是指根据用户接收机的多余观测值监测用户定位结果的完好性,其目的是在导航过程中检测出发生故障的卫星,并保障导航定位精度。针对卫星接收机自主完好性监测算法可用性不足的问题,结合机载实际导航系统配置,提出了一种基于气压高度表辅助的机载自主完好性监测算法。综合利用卫星导航系统及气压高度表观测信息,建立联合系统的观测模型,推导了基于多解分离的完好性监测及保护级别计算方法。仿真结果表明,相比于传统的接收机自主完好性监测算法,该算法在可见星为5颗时仍能识别故障卫星。该算法具有更好的故障检测能力及可用性,能有效提高卫星导航系统的完好性监测性能,从而保证卫星导航系统的精度和可靠性。     

水下运载体导航技术

本文第一部分综合了国外近几十年根据不同需求形成的多种水下导航技术,论述了面上导航信息利用水声技术向水下转化的多种形式以及利用不同地球物理参数与地理位置相关性导航的各自特点与问题,论述了在测绘海底地形、重力与其它地球物理特性及其变化时在传感器层面和任务层面融而为一所形成的独具水下特色的同步定位与建图(Simultaneous Localization and Mapping,SLAM)导航技术,论述了NavLab作为一个通用工具软件在水下导航系统研发、精度分析以及作业前导航功能规划和导航信息事后处理方面的独特作用。本文第二部分以极具代表性的挪威HUGIN AUV系列产品军民两用为实例,根据任务和导航功能需求,从其“导航工具箱”(ToolBox)选择适用手段,给出典型任务对应的导航方式和传感器。文章结束部分给出了基于先进人工智能技术的未来展望。     

冷原子干涉陀螺研究进展

近年来,基于激光冷却与俘获的冷原子干涉技术得到了飞速的发展,这为精密转动测量提供了新的研究方向。相比于传统陀螺,冷原子干涉陀螺具有更高的灵敏度,是新一代的惯性测量仪器。从冷原子干涉陀螺的测量原理出发,介绍了近几年国内外干涉型冷原子陀螺的实现技术路线和研究现状,对比了各技术路线的优缺点,提炼出了最佳的研制冷原子干涉陀螺的总体技术方案,为高精度和高动态测量的陀螺样机研制提供了技术基础。     

2019年国外导航技术发展综述

近年来,国外导航技术的发展呈现出多系统融合的发展态势,结合2019年国外导航技术的发展动态,对美国、欧盟、俄罗斯、印度等国家和地区的卫星导航、惯性导航、天文导航、视觉导航、数据库匹配导航、仿生导航、量子导航和全源导航等技术发展现状进行了总结分析,并对相关技术发展进行了展望。     

空间三轴激光陀螺现状与展望

空间三轴激光陀螺作为激光陀螺技术集成创新的典型代表,已充分展现出优越的综合性能。为全面了解和掌握空间三轴激光陀螺技术发展现状,本文梳理了空间三轴激光陀螺原理与组成、主要特点、关键技术和研究历程,分析了国外主要研究机构、典型产品型谱及应用现状,从中可见空间三轴激光陀螺在国外已经非常成熟和广泛应用。针对国内发展现状和存在的差距,提出了后续发展建议,为我国激光陀螺技术发展及产业化提供了参考。     

Mining Spatial Associations with Limited Sensory Information

Abstract

Human navigation in an unknown environment requires an understanding of the spatial relationships of the terrain. For example, a soldier who is on a reconnaissance mission in a new city needs to “know” the spatial layout of the surroundings with high confidence. Oftentimes, this understanding must be acquired within a very short amount of time and with limited sensory inputs. The soldier would benefit from a digital avatar that draws inferences about the spatial layout of the city based on an initial set of observations and guides the soldier either in further exploring the environment or in making decisions based on these inferences. In this paper, we present and evaluate an inductive approach to learning spatial associations using sensory data that is available from the simulation environment of a computer game, Unreal Tournament. We study two kinds of spatial relationships between nodes on a level of a game map: nodes that are placed near each other to satisfy some spatial requirement and nodes that are placed near each other to satisfy the design preferences of a level architect. We show that we can infer both kinds of relationships using an association rule mining algorithm. Furthermore, we show how to use an ontology to distinguish between these relationships in order to discover different types of spatial arrangements on a specific map. We discuss how the inferred associations can be used to control an avatar that makes recommendations for navigating unexplored areas on a map. We conclude with some thoughts on the applicability of our methods to scenarios in the real world, beyond the simulation environment of a game, and on how the learned associations can be represented and queried by a simple question-answer type system.     

Drag derived altitude aided navigation method

The navigation problem of the lifting reentry vehicles has attracted much research interest in the past decade.This paper researches the navigation in the blackout zone during the reentry phase of the aircraft,when the communication signals are attenuated and even interrupted by the blackout zone.However,when calculating altitude,a pure classic inertial navigation algorithm appears imprecise and divergent.In order to obtain a more precise aircraft altitude,this paper applies an integrated navigation method based on inertial navigation algorithms,which uses drag derived altitude to aid the inertial navigation during the blackout zone.This method can overcome the shortcomings of the inertial navigation system and improve the navigation accuracy.To further improve the navigation accuracy,the applicable condition and the main error factors,such as the atmospheric coefficient error and drag coefficient error are analyzed in detail.Then the damping circuit design of the navigation control system and the damping coefficients determination is introduced.The feasibility of the method is verified by the typical reentry trajectory simulation,and the influence of the iterative times on the accuracy is analyzed.Simulation results show that iterative three times achieves the best effect.