基于实时卫星共视技术的时间码在线校准系统

稳定可靠的时间参考是开展时间码测量的前提。时统设备使用环境复杂,不宜拆卸,因此在对时统设备进行现场校准时面临无法直接获得稳定可靠时间参考的难题。本文提出一种设计思路,基于实时卫星共视技术搭建时间码在线校准系统。该系统采用小型化设计与实时在线数据处理技术,可以在校准现场复现守时实验室标准时间,可广泛应用在时间参数现场校准领域。     

Influence of ionospheric perturbations in GPS time and frequency transfer

The stability of GPS time and frequency transfer is limited by the fact that GPS signals travel through the ionosphere. In high precision geodetic time transfer (i.e. based on precise modeling of code and carrier phase GPS data), the so-called ionosphere-free combination of the code and carrier phase measurements made on the two frequencies is used to remove the first-order ionospheric effect. In this paper, we investigate the impact of residual second- and third-order ionospheric effects on geodetic time transfer solutions i.e. remote atomic clock comparisons based on GPS measurements, using the ATOMIUM software developed at the Royal Observatory of Belgium (ROB). The impact of third-order ionospheric effects was shown to be negligible, while for second-order effects, the tests performed on different time links and at different epochs show a small impact of the order of some picoseconds, on a quiet day, and up to more than 10 picoseconds in case of high ionospheric activity. The geomagnetic storm of the 30th October 2003 is used to illustrate how space weather products are relevant to understand perturbations in geodetic time and frequency transfer.     

Analysis of the DORIS contributions to ITRF2008

In its function as an ITRS Combination Centre, DGFI is in charge with the computation of an ITRF2008 solution. The computation methodology of DGFI is based on the combination of datum-free normal equations (weekly or session data sets, respectively) of station positions and Earth orientation parameters (EOP) from the geodetic space techniques DORIS, GPS, SLR and VLBI. In this paper we focus on the DORIS part within the ITRF2008 computations. We present results obtained from the analysis of the DORIS time series for station positions, network translation and scale parameters, as well as for the terrestrial pole coordinates. The submissions to ITRF2008 benefit from improved analysis strategies of the seven contributing IDS analysis centres and from a combination of the weekly solutions of station positions and polar motion. The results show an improvement by a factor of two compared to past DORIS data submitted to ITRF2005, which has been evaluated by investigating the repeatabilities of position time series. The DORIS position time series were analysed w.r.t. discontinuities and other non-linear effects such as seasonal variations. About 40 discontinuities have been identified which have been compared with the results of an earlier study. Within the inter-technique combination we focus on the DORIS contribution to the integration of the different space geodetic observations and on a comparison of the geodetic local ties with the space geodetic solutions. Results are given for the 41 co-location sites between DORIS and GPS.     

Influence of time variable geopotential models on precise orbits of altimetry satellites,global and regional mean sea level trends

During the last decade a significant progress has been reached in the investigation of the gravity field of the Earth. Besides static, also time variable geopotential models have been recently created. In this paper we investigate the impact of the recent time variable geopotential models on altimetry satellite orbits and such altimetry products based on these orbits, as global and regional mean sea level trends. We show that the modeling of time variable gravity improves the orbit solutions, at least for the GRACE period where time variable gravity is sufficiently accurately observed by this mission. Our analysis includes six geopotential models jointly developed by GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences and Space Geodesy Research Group (CNES/GRGS) Toulouse: the stationary model EIGEN-GL04S, a stationary version of EIGEN-6S (EIGEN-6S_stat), a corrected version of EIGEN-6S and three enhanced versions of EIGEN-6S called EIGEN-6S2, EIGEN-6S2A and EIGEN-6S2B. By “stationary” we mean “containing periodic parameters such as annual and semi-annual variations, but no secular (drift) terms”. We computed precise orbits for the radar altimetry satellites ERS-1, ERS-2, TOPEX/Poseidon, and Envisat over 20 years between 1991 and 2011. The orbit, single-mission and multi-mission altimetry crossover analyses show that the time variable models EIGEN-6S_corrected, EIGEN-6S2 and its two precursors EIGEN-6S2A/B perform notably better than the stationary models for the GRACE period from 2003 onwards. Thus, using EIGEN-6S2 and EIGEN-6S2A/B we have got 3.6% smaller root mean square fits of satellite laser ranging observations for Envisat, as when using EIGEN-GL04S. However, for the pre-GRACE period 1991–2003, the stationary geopotential models EIGEN-GL04S and EIGEN-6S_stat as well as EIGEN-6S2 having no drift terms for degree 3–50 at this time interval perform superior compared to EIGEN-6S_correct and EIGEN-6S2A/B which contain drifts for this period. We found, that the time variable geopotential models have a low (0.1–0.2 mm/yr) impact on our results for the global mean sea level trend. However, we found strong East/West differences up to 3 mm/yr in the regional mean sea level trends when using orbits of all four satellites based on time variable and stationary geopotential models. We show that these differences are related to the relative drifts of the centers-of-origin between the orbit solutions based on the time variable and stationary geopotential models. From the results of our detailed study, we conclude that the final version of the time variable gravity field model EIGEN-6S2 performs best for the four satellites tested. This model provides the most reliable and mission-consistent sea level estimates for the whole time period from 1992 to 2010. This model is of maximum spherical harmonic degree and order 260 and contains time series for drifts as well as annual and semiannual variations of the spherical harmonic coefficients for degree 2–50.     

时间代价启发式多月基装备协同任务规划方法

针对月球科研站构建中优化整体任务用时的需求,提出时间代价启发式多月基装备协同任务规划方法。面向月球科研站构建过程中的原位和路径任务,构建双类型任务关系图,并提出多位置转移时间代价启发式策略引导此图的搜索方向,使规划器沿局部最短耗时任务路径逐个处理任务,降低装备路径转移的时间代价;提出时间代价启发式装备选择策略,从而均衡月基装备任务负载,缩短装备工作时长。最后,以包含资源开采、物料运输、设施建设等任务的月球科研站构建场景为例,对规划算法进行仿真验证。结果表明,此算法能够生成满足复杂约束的多装备协同规划序列。与传统规划方法相比,本文方法得到的月基装备任务序列冗余路径少、任务用时短,可实现多装备在多任务中的高效分时复用。     

信号相干周期的计算与测量

对信号的相干周期与有关测量作了研究，说明该合成信号为准周期函数，具有特殊的周期现象和波形，给出了部分求解结果及其应用。     

不同GNSS在高纬度地区时间传递性能分析

全球卫星导航系统（GNSS）载波相位时间传递技术是高精度时间传递领域的主要研究方法之一，但目前关于该部分的研究主要集中在中低纬度地区，在高纬度地区并不多见。不同GNSS由于星座设计不同，在高纬度地区结构差异较大，因此需要对不同GNSS在高纬度地区的时间传递性能进行分析。实验结果表明，在高纬度地区时间传递中，Galileo稳定度最高，GPS和BDS次之，GLONASS最差。同时因在高纬度地区卫星的高度角普遍偏低，为合理平衡低高度角时可视卫星多和多路径误差大的矛盾，对不同截止高度角下获取的链路时间传递性能进行了分析。结果表明，在5°截止高度角下，高纬度地区的时间传递链路稳定性最好。     

迟到131年的证明:普适时间反演不变性禁止任何可逆性

指出并纠正了物理学中关于时间反演的科学观念问题上的错误.根据物理学中的时间反演的定义,经过严格数学逻辑推理证明并应用了图示加以说明;证明了任何物理过程的时间反演过程是原过程的空间图像本身.还证明了所有物理理论都具有时间反演不变性,即在物理学中,时间反演不变性是普适的.物理理论的时间反演不变性不表示以往理论所认为的是过程的可逆性.同时指出,历来把物理过程的时间反演过程看作原过程的逆过程,并解释为原过程电影的倒映是错误的.历来把时间反演不变性看作过程的可逆性也是完全错误的.物理学中不存在由时间反演导致的可逆性.由此消除了物理学中如"可逆佯谬"这样的矛盾,使物理学变得完美和统一.最后解释了时间反演的物理图像,指出了时间反演变换的物理意义.     

对地观测卫星访问区域目标时间窗口快速算法

为减少对地观测卫星访问区域目标时间窗口的计算,根据建立的卫星对区域目标的观测模型,提出了卫星观测区域目标时间窗口的大圆近似快速算法,给出了算法具体步骤。仿真算例结果表明:时间窗口起点误差小于0.5 s,时间窗口长度误差小于0.723%,计算时间减少了99.87%.     

基于外测弹道数据的后效误差分析及折合

本文提出了一种利用外测弹道数据特性判断后效段时间,进行后效误差分析的方法。在后效误差分析的基础上,将试验外测弹道后效段速度参数的变化量从发射坐标系转换到弹体系下,直接转化为折合弹道的速度变化量,由此可进行后效误差折合。