高混合比火炬式电点火器试验研究

介绍了低温高混合比火炬式电点火技术的初步研究进展,包括有关的设计参数和试验情况。该点火器用电火花塞作为激励能源,氢氧推进剂通过一个位于头部的同轴式喷嘴进入点火室,大部分液氢用作冷却剂通过排放冷却方式冷却点火室。累计５次共５０ｓ的热试车表明,高混合比火炬式电点火器能实现可靠的低温点火,并具有较广的工况和混合比变化范围。     

湍流脉动对化学反应影响的数值研究

为了研究湍流脉动对化学反应的影响,在对冲火焰中引入了时空发展的扰动,其中H₂O₂扰动模拟组分脉动,拉伸率扰动在燃料和氧化剂边界温度均匀的条件下模拟速度脉动,在非均匀条件下模拟温度脉动。正庚烷自点火的计算结果显示:H₂O₂扰动可以缩短点火延迟时间。通过RO₂同素异形化以及C₂H₃氧化的反应路径通量分析,发现H₂O₂扰动不会改变反应路径间的极限竞争关系。均匀温度边界条件下的拉伸率扰动通过恶化热量和自由基的损失抑制中温机理,延长点火所需时间。非均匀温度边界条件下的拉伸率扰动能产生附加的温度扰动,点火延迟时间随扰动频率的变化关系复杂。通过RO₂同素异形化的反应路径通量分析可知,该扰动能够改变反应路径间的极限竞争关系,也能逆转点火进程。由此可以推断,在工程应用中,若湍流脉动较强,点火可能会从单级转化为多级。      

M3条件下乙烯燃料超燃冲压发动机空气节流点火试验

在隔离段入口Ma=3(模拟飞行马赫数6.5)条件下,采用乙烯燃料的超燃冲压发动机点火十分困难。为解决该难题,采用了空气节流作为辅助点火措施。基于脉冲燃烧风洞直连式试验平台进行了空气节流点火试验,通过壁面压力测量,获得了节流点火的火焰发展历程。以点火时间为指标,对节流流量、乙烯当量比、节流时间等参数进行了定量分析,节流流量的调节范围为0%~45%,乙烯当量比调节范围为0.6~1.2,节流时间调节范围为190~350ms。分析了三个节流参数各自的作用机理,通过数据拟合,绘制了节流流量与点火时间、乙烯当量比与点火时间的关系曲线,揭示了节流时间与点火时间的关系。      

Research on windmill starting characteristics of MTE-D micro turbine engine

Micro turbine engine (MTE) is an important kind of propulsion system for miniature unmanned aircraft or missiles, because of its better high-speed performance (than propeller propulsion) and higher propulsion efficiency (obviously than rockets). Windmill start is a common air-starting mode used in micro turbine engine. The windmill starting characteristics are important to the practical use of micro turbine engine. In this paper, the windmill starting characteristics research for a 12 cm diameter (MTE-D) micro turbine engine is carried out by experiment and numerical simulation. The characteristic of rotor mechanical losses at low-speed condition is stud- ied, and the engine common working line of windmill starting process is obtained. Based on the engine windmill characteristics, the propane ignition characteristics under different inflow conditions are researched, and the envelope of propane ignition and propane flameout is determined. The experimental research of fuel supply and ignition characteristics is completed, and the envelope of fuel supply and ignition is obtained. The windmill stage, propane ignition stage, fuel ignition stage and acceleration process from idling-speed to 80% full speed of MTE-D micro turbine engine is optimized, and the optimization windmill starting parameters are collected. The successful wind-mill starting experiment under this condition with engine speed up to 80% full speed indicates that these starting parameters are reasonable. All the starting parameters of MTE-D micro turbine engine obtained in this work are dimensionless parameters, and the conclusions obtained in this study have some reference to other micro turbine engines with the similar structural form and starting process.     

固体火箭点火超压形成机理与影响因子研究

为研究固体火箭点火超压的形成机理和影响因子，以Ariane 5火箭固体助推器1/35缩比模型为研究对象，〖JP+1〗基于可压缩气体三维Navier-Stokes方程建立固体火箭尾焰流场的数学模型。同时，使用有限速率/涡耗散模型表征尾焰复燃反应，采用有限体积法求解火箭尾焰流场控制方程，得到箭体尾部近场的点火超压幅值与分布情况。与试验数据比较，数值结果较好的反映了点火超压的过程特性。进而，采用该数学模型和求解方法，研究了点火超压的影响因子。计算结果表明，尾焰复燃反应对点火超压的影响较小，与无复燃反应的计算结果比较，点火超压的峰值相对变化幅度不大于1.85%，点火超压的波形与分布特性的变化可以忽略；建压速率越快，点火超压峰值越大，且呈非线性比例关系增长；喷管膨胀比主要影响点火超压的波形，对其峰值影响较小。     

Na_3AlF_6对微米铝粉在CO_2气氛中着火燃烧特性的影响

为了改善铝粉在二氧化碳气氛中的着火特性和燃烧效率,采用自行设计的管式炉研究了六氟铝酸钠对铝/二氧化碳着火燃烧特性的影响。采用高速摄影系统记录了样品着火燃烧现象,同时收集反应后的产物通过X射线衍射和扫描电镜技术、化学分析方法对其成分、产物形貌和燃烧效率进行了分析。研究结果表明,六氟铝酸钠能够显著降低铝粉的点火延迟时间,与未添加六氟铝酸钠的样品相比,加入六氟铝酸钠后,样品的点火延迟时间降低了18s左右;六氟铝酸钠的加入还能抑制燃烧产物凝聚并提高铝粉的燃烧效率,随六氟铝酸钠添加量增加,燃烧效率呈现先增加后降低的趋势,添加了六氟铝酸钠的样品的最高燃烧效率为71.82%,与未添加六氟铝酸钠的样品相比提升了21.1%。     

IR radiation characteristics of rocket exhaust plumes under varying motor operating conditions

The infrared(IR) irradiance signature from rocket motor exhaust plumes is closely related to motor type,propellant composition,burn time,rocket geometry,chamber parameters and flight conditions.In this paper,an infrared signature analysis tool(IRSAT) was developed to understand the spectral characteristics of exhaust plumes in detail.Through a finite volume technique,flow field properties were obtained through the solution of axisymmetric Navier-Stokes equations with the Reynolds-averaged approach.A refined 13-species,30-reaction chemistry scheme was used for combustion effects and a k-e-Rtturbulence model for entrainment effects.Using flowfield properties as input data,the spectrum was integrated with a line of sight(LOS) method based on a single line group(SLG) model with Curtis-Godson approximation.The model correctly predicted spectral distribution in the wavelengths of 1.50–5.50 lm and had good agreement for its location with imaging spectrometer data.The IRSAT was then applied to discuss the effects of three operating conditions on IR signatures:(a) afterburning;(b) chamber pressure from ignition to cutoff;and(c) minor changes in the ratio of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene(HTPB) binder to ammonium perchlorate(AP) oxidizer in propellant.Results show that afterburning effects can increase the size and shape of radiance images with enhancement of radiation intensity up to 40%.Also,the total IR irradiance in different bands can be characterized by a non-dimensional chamber pressure trace in which the maximum discrepancy is less than 13% during ignition and engine cutoff.An increase of chamber pressure can lead to more distinct diamonds,whose distance intervals are extended,and the position of the first diamond moving backwards.In addition,an increase in HTPB/AP causes a significant jump in spectral intensity.The incremental rates of radiance intensity integrated in each band are linear with the increase of HTPB,and the growth rates of radiance intensities in some bands reach up to 50% as HTPB weight increases by 3%.     

基于微型固体推力器阵列的轨道控制点火算法

为了解决基于微型固体推力器阵列轨道控制的推力器组合点火问题,优化了阵列布局,使其适用于轨道控制,得出了推力器坐标位置分布律。在此基础上研究了推力器阵列组合点火算法,建立了相应数学模型,进行了算法验证。仿真结果表明,设计的推力器阵列优化方案能够满足皮纳卫星轨道控制要求,所建数学模型能有效解决点火问题,设计的算法能够实现较快寻址。     

火工品电参数测试技术研究

介绍了火工品电参数测试方法，搭建了火工品电参数测试系统。设计了火工品电容放电式点火电路，阐述了电容充放电原理和充放电电路的参数计算方法，实现了点火回路电流的测试。采用“四线”制测试方法实现对火工品桥路直流阻值瞬态变化特性的测试，通过点火回路电压值的变化进行了火工品桥丝熔断时间的测试，证明了采用本测试系统进行火工品电参数测试的可靠性和正确性，为火工品电参数测试的研究提供了有效的测试方法。     

超燃冲压发动机凹腔内补氧的强化点火试验

在超燃冲压发动机扩张型燃烧室中,对凹腔内局部补氧的点火强化方法进行了试验研究。采用高速摄影手段研究了不同的补氧方式对凹腔内火焰分布特征和燃烧强度的影响,并针对并联双凹腔燃烧室构型,研究了在单侧凹腔补氧条件下向异侧凹腔的火焰传播过程。试验结果表明,采用凹腔内补氧的方式能调节凹腔内的燃料浓度分布、改善凹腔内的燃烧过程,控制燃烧放热强度;稳态燃烧情况下,观察到凹腔驻留火焰的两种存在特征,分别表现为:由回流区热量反馈机制作用下的凹腔局部驻留火焰和燃烧室全局压力反馈影响下的凹腔剪切层火焰。只有在单侧凹腔燃烧建立了全局压力反馈的条件下才能实现凹腔火焰的异侧传播。