TC4-DT钛合金线性摩擦焊接头组织特征及其形成机制

研究TC4-DT损伤容限型钛合金线性摩擦焊(linear friction welding,LFW)接头的组织特征及形成机制。利用光镜和扫描电镜对接头各区域微观组织进行表征,利用显微硬度计测试接头的显微硬度分布。结果表明:接头焊缝区(WZ)发生动态再结晶,焊接过程中WZ温度超过β转变点,焊后快冷的条件下发生了β→α′及β→α两种相变并析出了大量α′马氏体以及二次层片α;TC4-DT钛合金母材(BM)组织具有较高的变形抗力,使得接头形成的热力影响区(TMAZ)较窄。TMAZ内组织在强烈的热力耦合作用下拉长变形并破碎,焊后快冷的条件下析出少量α′马氏体及大量二次层片α;毗邻TMAZ的热影响区(HAZ)基本保留了BM不同位向的α集束的组织特征,但受热的影响α集束内α/β相界两侧元素相互扩散,层间β消耗,初生α长大;WZ组织的细晶强化和第二相强化,TMAZ组织的应变强化和第二相强化,以及HAZ内α相的长大使得接头上述区域显微硬度均高于BM。     

CFRP/TC4叠层结构制孔技术对比实验

因CFRP、TC4材料的物理性能差异较大，导致CFRP/TC4叠层构件切削性能匹配性较差，钻削过程中存在界面损伤、CFRP孔壁损伤难以调控的问题。针对上述问题，本文采用变参数啄式钻削工艺、变参数钻削工艺和恒参数钻削工艺对CFRP/TC4叠层结构进行了制孔实验，并对不同工艺条件下的轴向力、界面质量、TC4的切屑形态、CFRP层孔壁质量进行了对比分析。结果表明：相对于其他两种钻削工艺，在变参数啄式钻削工艺条件下，TC4材料层轴向力明显较高，产生短带状和短螺旋状切屑；CFRP层出口和入口处的孔径更接近于名义孔径，孔壁缺陷较少，表面粗糙度相对较小。     

切削参数对Ti-6Al-4V锻件与粉末冶金工件表面粗糙度的影响对比

文摘表征了已加工Ti-6Al-4V锻件和粉末冶金工件表面形貌,利用正交回归试验得到了两种材料表面粗糙度值的数学模型,经过显著性检验两个数学模型能够准确地预测表面粗糙度值变化趋势。结果表明,Ti-6Al-4V锻件表面出现了进给划痕、切屑碎片和表面撕裂缺陷,粉末冶金材料表面出现了除了进给划痕、切屑碎片和撕裂外的微孔隙缺陷;两种工件表面粗糙度值均受到进给量的影响程度最大,同时粉末冶金材料内部残余微孔隙的存在导致切削速度对其表面粗糙度值的影响程度比较大。     

Hardware qualification for scientific ballooning missions

The European Stratospheric Balloon Observatory (ESBO) initiative aims at simplifying the access to stratospheric balloon missions. We plan to provide platforms and support with instrument design in order to support scientists. During the design process, the inevitable question of qualification for the harsh flight conditions arises. Unfortunately, there is no existing standard for qualification of stratospheric ballooning hardware. Thus, we developed a qualification procedure for use within ESBO and similar projects.In this paper, we present our analysis of the environmental conditions in the stratosphere. While conditions at typical balloon float altitudes are similar to the space environment, there are also some relevant differences. For example, the thermal environment is dominated by radiation and thermal conduction, but the remaining atmosphere still supports a certain amount of convection. The remaining atmospheric pressure in the stratosphere also leads to reduced arcing distances. Vibrational loads are far less than for space missions, but quasi-static or shock loads may occur. The criticality of radiation increases with mission duration.Based on the environmental conditions, we present the qualification procedures for ESBO, which are based on the European Cooperation for Space Standardization (ECSS) standards for space systems. Overtesting against too high requirements leads to overengineering, driving mission cost and mitigating the advantages of balloons over space missions. Therefore, we modified the ECSS standards to fit typical scientific ballooning missions over several days at altitudes up to 40 km. Furthermore, we analyzed design rules for space systems with regard to their relevance for scientific ballooning, including material and component selection. We present the experience from the hardware qualification process for the ESBO prototype STUDIO (Stratospheric UV Demonstrator of an Imaging Observatory). Even though boundary conditions are different for each individual mission, we aimed for a broader approach: We investigated more general requirements for scientific ballooning missions to support future flights.     

外物损伤对TC4 钛合金的高周疲劳强度的影响

为了研究外物损伤对航空发动机叶片疲劳性能的影响规律,将直径为3、4 mm的钢珠利用空气炮加速到约300 m/s对TC4合金平板试样进行外物损伤试验,利用3维体式显微镜和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分别观察外物损伤的宏观特征和微观特征。结果表明:在随后的高周疲劳试验中外物损伤容易诱发疲劳裂纹的萌生,且试样的疲劳强度随损伤深度的增加而降低;疲劳源一般位于损伤区域的表面位置,因为试样在冲击过程中在损伤区域形成了微观裂纹和缺口。     

电动膨胀循环液氧甲烷变推力发动机动态特性研究

电动泵压式液体火箭发动机受到了广泛的关注，然而电池有限的输出功率和过于沉重的质量成为限制电动泵压式发动机发展的重要因素。为此本文提出了一种电机驱动燃料泵和涡轮驱动氧泵的电动膨胀循环液体火箭发动机方案，并着重研究了该型发动机的动态响应特性。首先给出了20 kN级电动膨胀循环发动机的技术指标和部组件参数，进一步基于AMESim平台建立了全系统动力学模型，验证了方案的可行性和部组件动力学模型的准确性，并深入研究了单点工况和调节工况的动态响应特性。结果表明，针对启动过程而言，涡轮泵调整时间较电动泵长，这降低了系统响应速度，但工况越高，系统响应速度越快；高工况启动时，甲烷在冷却通道内的剧烈相变和跨临界状态的不连续物性相互耦合易引发系统振荡；就调节过程而言，推力调节时普遍存在超调或凹坑现象，且系统在两相同工况之间调节时，正调响应速度快于负调，这也导致阶跃幅值相等条件下的系统调整时间随目标工况升高而缩短。     

共沉淀法制备花状NiCo2O4及其吸波性能的研究

通过共沉淀法制备花状NiCo₂O₄吸波材料，利用XRD、FTIR、BET、XPS和SEM等方式表征了样品成分及形貌特征，将不同煅烧温度（300、400、500、600、700 ℃）的产物利用矢量网络分析仪通过同轴测试法模拟了不同厚度下的吸波性能。结果表明：400 ℃煅烧样品在反射损耗值、吸收带宽以及样品厚度都表现出较好的性能，当厚度为1.5 mm时，在14.32 GHz处吸波材料达到最大的吸收损耗值为-43.71 dB，有效吸收带宽为4.48 GHz （12.08~16.56 GHz），可以预见镍钴基吸波材料具有很大的潜力。     

Study of aerosol anomaly associated with large earthquakes (M>6)

We present the variation of unusual atmospheric phenomena, aerosols, to understand the preseismic irregularities for two major earthquakes in Japan. We consider aerosol optical depth and Angstrom exponent data retrieved from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument onboard the Terra satellite to establish possible connections between earthquakes and the generation of aerosols. Variation of the aerosol parameters shows significant changes before the April 15, 2016, Kumamoto earthquake ($M=7.0,h=10$ km) and the November 21, 2016, Fukushima earthquake ($M=6.9$ and $h=9$ km), where M indicates the Richter magnitude and h indicates the focal depth. To identify the source of the aerosol particles, we use the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model (HYSPLIT-4). This model uses both Lagrangian and Eulerian approaches to compute trajectories and establish a source-receptor relationship. We compute backward trajectories to check whether the aerosol generated near the epicenter is due to the preseismic processes or is transported from other areas. From our results, we conclude the fine-mode aerosols are generated in the vicinity of the epicenter, 3–7 days before the earthquakes.     

民用飞机刹车系统CCAR 25.735条款适航研究

介绍了民用飞机适航规章CCAR-25-R4最新版并与前一版本R3版在刹车系统主条款25.735条进行对比分析，详细解释了R4版与R3版的不同之处及更改原因，阐述了R4版735条的详细要求，提供了刹车系统的适航思路及符合性方法建议。最后进行了小结并提出了下一步目标。     

TC4钛合金切削中切屑塑性变形分析

对TC4钛合金切削过程中锯齿形切屑形成过程和切削力的关系进行了实验研究,并对锯齿形切屑形成中微观塑性变形区进行了分析。结果表明:当切削速度大于48.75 m/min时,切屑由带状转变为锯齿形。锯齿形切屑的形成导致了切削过程中切削力的波动变化,切削力与切屑的锯齿形变化规律一致,锯齿形切屑形成中塑性变形区的宽度随切削速度的增加而减小。