双激盘理论及其在轴流式弯掠动叶栅气动计算中的应用

轴流式弯掠动叶栅对主气流作用有一个不容忽视的径向分力。为此本文提出“双激盘理论”及相应的一套计算方法, 其中包括阻力系数及出口气流角值沿径分布的修正, 用来进行低速低负荷轴流式弯掠(即必须计及叶片径向分力影响的)风扇的设计和性能估计。用一个弯掠动叶和一个非弯掠动叶的风扇进行验证性试验, 结果表明:计算与实测值吻合甚好。      

存在剥离条件下颗粒物沉积过程的数值研究和实验验证

为了更加准确地模拟涡轮叶片表面颗粒物沉积的增长过程和分布状况,研究颗粒物沉积过程中粘附、剥离直至稳定平衡的规律,在经改进的颗粒粘附模型基础上考虑两种剥离形式,利用Fluent的User Defined Function (UDF)功能和网格重构技术,最终实现了熔融石蜡颗粒于带有气膜冷却的平板上沉积动态增长的过程。通过与相同条件下所得实验结果的对比,验证了所用模型的有效性和合理性。随后研究了是否加入剥离模型、气膜冷却吹风比、气膜孔射流角度等因素对沉积效果的影响。计算结果表明,考虑颗粒的剥离效应将减少颗粒物沉积的总量,尤其是在气膜孔后较短区域内;此外,吹风比的增加将使颗粒不易撞击壁面,已粘附的颗粒也更容易剥离从而降低沉积的厚度和质量;射流角度不断增大则使气膜覆盖效果变差,壁面温度升高,颗粒更易达到熔融状态沉积下来。研究发现该数值方法有助于更加精确地仿真沉积增长的过程,证实了吹风比和射流角度对沉积的分布和厚度有很大影响。当射流角度处于35°～40°时,可在一定程度上减少沉积。     

火箭发动机涡轮典型结构形式对叶片低周疲劳寿命的影响研究

以某火箭发动机涡轮为对象,研究了涡轮叶片带冠、不带冠、带部分冠及叶片空心等典型结构形式对叶片低周疲劳寿命的影响。结果表明:叶片不带冠可以消除叶片顶部的疲劳损伤,但使叶背根部损伤增大,危险点位于叶背根部,叶片寿命与带冠叶片相当;带部分冠叶片在消除叶顶疲劳损伤的同时,还可以减缓叶背根部的低周疲劳,危险点位于前缘根部,寿命比原叶片高约116%;叶片空心结构可以有效降低叶片的应力应变水平,减缓叶片疲劳的效果最好,空心叶片危险点位于前缘根部,寿命比原叶片高约370%。     

A novel none once per revolution blade tip timing based blade vibration parameters identification method

The vibration caused blade High Cycle Fatigue (HCF) is seriously affects the safety operation of turbomachinery especially for aero-engine. Thus, it is crucial important to identify the blade vibration parameters and then evaluate the dynamic stress amplitude. Blade Tip Timing (BTT) method is one of the promising method to solve these problems. While, it need a high resolution Once Per Revolution (OPR) signal which is difficult to get for the aero-engine. Here, a Coupled Vibration Analysis (CVA) method for identifying blade vibration parameters by a none OPR BTT is proposed. The method assumes that every real blade has its own vibration performance at a given speed. Whereby, it can take any blade as the reference blade, and the other blades using the reference blade as the OPR for vibration displacement calculating and further parameter identifying. The proposed method is validated by numerical model. Also, experimental studies are carried out on a straight blade and a twisted three dimensional blade test rig as well as a large industrial axial compressor respectively. The results show that the proposed method can accurately identify the blade synchronous vibration parameters and quantitatively evaluate the mistuning in bladed disks, which lays a foundation for the reliability improvement of aero-engine.     

10MW风电机组空气动力设计初探

从风电机组系统角度探索了我国未来设计10MW风电机组在空气动力设计方面的一些问题及对策。从分析风能分布与风速分布关系以及风电机组风能利用系数随风速变化关系出发,研究了风轮基本参数确定方法,并以动量叶素理论为基础,建立了优化设计模型对10MW叶片外形优化设计进行了初步探索,并对风轮性能进行了评估,完成了10MW机组叶片及风轮外形建模。提出了通过适当提高叶尖线速度及拓宽风轮转速范围,可以达到优化机组塔头质量,节约成本,提高年发电量等多重有利目标的观点。     

基于模型大扭角叶片的三维矢量测量技术

针对接触式坐标测量机测量大扭角叶片截面存在余弦误差的问题，提出了基于模型的矢量测量方法。本文对此方法的测量精度及测量效率等方面进行论述，并通过实例验证了基于模型的矢量测量方法在精度与效率等方面优势，实现了此测量方法的工程化应用。     

直升机复合材料桨叶固化过程的多物理场有限元模拟

根据热传导、复合材料力学和固化动力学理论,采用基于偏微分方程的强耦合多物理场有限元方

法,计算在F650 双马来酰亚胺树脂建议温度周期下直升机复合材料桨叶固化过程中温度、固化度、固化度反应

速率和内应力变化历程。通过仿真结果对温度周期进行优化调整,改善工艺过程。计算结果表明:桨叶中树脂

固化反应同步度高,交联反应产热量少;调整后的加热周期与建议加热周期相比,最高加热温度由460 K 降低

为393 K,但固化度由0. 1 增加到1 的反应时间只由25 min 增加为30 min,固化反应速率峰值从1. 35×10-3 / s

降低为1. 15×10-3 / s,PMI(聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺,Polymethacrylimide)泡沫的Von Mises 热应力最大值从0. 82 MPa

降低为0. 482 MPa。

     

Reliability analysis of aero-engine blades considering nonlinear strength degeneration

To comprehensively consider the effects of strength degeneration and failure correlation, an improved stress-strength interference (SSI) model is proposed to analyze the reliability of aeroengine blades with the fatigue failure mode. Two types of TC4 alloy experiments are conducted for the study on the damage accumulation law. All the parameters in the nonlinear damage model are obtained by the tension-compression fatigue tests, and the accuracy of the nonlinear damage model is verified by the damage tests. The strength degeneration model is put forward on the basis of the Chaboche nonlinear damage theory and the Griffith fracture criterion, and determined by measuring the fatigue toughness during the tests. From the comparison of two kinds of degeneration models based on the Miner’s linear law and the nonlinear damage model respectively, the nonlinear model has a significant advantage on prediction accuracy especially in the later period of life. A time-dependent SSI reliability model is established. By computing the stress distribution using the finite element (FE) technique, the reliability of a single blade during the whole service life is obtained. Considering the failure correlation of components, a modified reliability model of aero-engine blades with common cause failure (CCF) is presented. It shows a closer and more reasonable process with the actual working condition. The improved reliability model is illustrated to be applied to aero-engine blades well, and the approach purposed in this paper is suitable for any actual machinery component of aero-engine rotor systems.     

Effects of blade aspect ratio and taper ratio on hovering performance of cycloidal rotor with large blade pitching amplitude

In recent years, a lot of research work has been carried out on the cycloidal rotors. However, it lacks thorough understanding about the effects of the blade platform shape on the hover efficiency of the cycloidal rotor, and the knowledge of how to design the platform shape of the blades. This paper presents a numerical simulation model based on Unsteady ReynoldsAveraged Navier–Stokes equations(URANSs), which is further validated by the experimental results. The effects of blade aspect ratio and taper ratio are analyzed, which shows that the cycloidal rotors with the same chord length have quite similar performance even though the blade aspect ratio varies from a very small value to a large one. By comparing the cycloidal rotors with different taper ratios, it is found that the rotors with large blade taper ratio outperform those with small taper ratio. This is due to the fact that the blade with larger taper ratio has longer chord and hence better efficiency. The analysis results show that the unsteady aerodynamic effects due to blade pitching motion play a more important role in the efficiency than the blade platform shape. Therefore we should pay more attention to the blade airfoil and pitching motion than the blade platform shape.The main contributions of this paper include: the analysis of the effects of aspect ratio and taper ratio on the hover efficiency of cycloidal rotor based on both the experimental and numerical simulation results; the finding of the main influencing factors on the hover efficiency; the qualitative guidance on how to design the blade platform shape for cycloidal rotors.     

突加高能载荷作用下航空发动机结构动态响应及安全性综述

航空发动机在服役期间可能遭受鸟撞、叶片丢失等突加高能载荷的作用,造成发动机整机/部件动力学特性恶化和关键构件的损伤,危及发动机的结构安全性。本文从突加高能载荷复现方法与传递规律、突加高能载荷作用下转子/整机结构响应研究、突加高能载荷作用下关键构件损伤机理三个方面综述了现有研究工作,并针对近年来发展的抗突加高能载荷的安全性设计方法进行了探讨,最后分析了突加高能载荷问题的科学本质及发展趋势,为突加高能载荷作用下航空发动机安全性设计提供了重要参考。