某型压气机轴流级改型静叶设计

通过对某原型轴流级静叶的分析, 并对轴流压气机设计中采用的端部处理技术进行分析的基础上, 提出了静叶改型设计以及端部处理方案, 并进行了通流计算和造型。对改型设计中的双排静叶参数进行了优化、采用端部处理技术以及任意叶片造型, 提高了轴流级效率。      

压气机叶片受外物损伤的剩余振动疲劳寿命

采用电磁涡流激振的振动疲劳试验,对TC4材料制成的平板叶片受外物损伤后的剩余振动疲劳寿命进行了研究。结果表明,叶片的外物损伤程度取决于撞击能量E和几何标度S,对于一定的叶片,存在不影响疲劳寿命的极限损伤。对叶片损伤处进行修复和适当减小叶片振动应力水平是提高叶片抗外物损伤能力的的有效途径。通过钢钛叶片试验分析表明,由于设计叶片稳态应力水平通常以抗拉强度为参考基点,那么钢制叶片的疲劳强度的富裕程度相对要高些。      

载荷与响应耦合下叶片鸟撞击响应分析

分析飞鸟与航空发动机叶片的撞击损伤时,需要准确预估叶片的瞬态响应。其中叶片的变形会影响到撞击载荷的大小与分布,从而影响到叶片的响应。本文提出一种简单有效的计算方法,考虑了上述耦合效应,并以模型叶片为例,分析了它对叶片响应的影响程度,为工程实际应用积累了经验。     

基于拓扑优化和形状优化的桨叶结构设计

直升机旋翼桨叶剖面结构设计是研究旋翼动力学设计的基础。提出一种联合拓扑优化和形状优化的 两级优化设计方法,可用于桨叶剖面结构的设计。第一级优化以变密度法(SIMP)作为拓扑优化的材料插值方 法,以桨叶体积最小化为设计目标,约束桨叶节点位移和应力,建立桨叶的拓扑优化求解模型;第二级优化以重 构的桨叶模型为基础开展形状优化,降低局部应力集中以及找到合理的边界节点位置。对优化后的模型进行 有限元分析,结果表明:通过拓扑优化和形状优化的两级优化,能够得到满足强度和稳定性要求的结构布局,为 桨叶结构设计提供指导方案。     

Mechanism of interconnected synchronized switch damping for vibration control of blades

The Synchronized Switch Damping (SSD) is regarded as a promising alternative to mitigate the vibration of thin-walled structures in aero-engines, especially for blades or bladed disks. The common manner is to shunt the switch circuit independently to a single piezoelectric structure. This paper is aimed at exploring a novel way of using the SSD, i.e., the SSD is interconnected between two piezoelectric structures or substructures. The damping mechanism, performance, and effective range of the interconnected SSD are studied numerically and experimentally. First, based on a dual cantilever beam finite element model, the time domain and frequency domain modeling and solving methods of the interconnected SSD are deduced and validated. Then, the influence of the amplitude and phase relationship on the damping effect of the interconnected SSD is numerically studied and compared with the shunted SSD. A self-sensing SSD control board is developed, and experimental studies are carried out. The results show that the interconnected SSD establishes an additional energy channel between the corresponding piezoelectric structures. When the amplitudes of the two cantilever beams are different, the interconnected SSD balances the vibration level of each beam. When the amplitudes of the two cantilever beams are the same, if the appropriate interconnection manner is selected according to the phase, the resonance peak can be reduced by more than 30%. When the vibration is in-phase/out-of-phase, the damping generated by the interconnected SSD in a cross/parallel manner is even more significant than the shunted SSD. Furthermore, this novel connection scheme reduces the number of SSD circuits in half. Finally, for engineering applications, we implement the proposed damping technology to the finite element model of a typical dummy bladed disk. A piezoelectric damping ratio of 13.7% is achieved when the amount of piezo material is only 10% of blade mass. Compared with traditional friction dampers, the major advancements of the interconnected SSD are: (A) it can reduce the vibration level of blades without friction interface; (B) the space constraint is overcome, i.e., the vibration energy is not necessarily dissipated independently in one sector or through physically adjacent blades, and instead, the dissipation and transfer of vibrational energy can be realized between any blade pair. If a specific gating circuit is adopted to adjust the interconnection manner of the SSD, vibration mitigation under variable working conditions with different engine orders will be expected; (C) designers do not need to worry about the annoying nonlinearities related to working conditions anymore.     

风机叶片断裂原因分析

叶片在安装试运行过程中发生断裂,断裂位置位于叶根附近,通过对故障件的观察、测试与分析,确定了叶片发生低周疲劳断裂的原因是由于生产过程中工艺控制不良,叶片根部局部区域树脂固化不完全,导致该区域的强度、刚度极低,当受到疲劳载荷作用时在结构应力集中区域首先发生分层开裂、扩展直至最终失稳断裂。同时指出固化不完全的原因。     

Non-synchronous blade vibration analysis of a transonic fan

This study numerically investigates the aeromechanic behavior of a transonic fan model with a flat tip-leading-edge on the NASA rotor 67 test case. Single-passage unsteady calculations at a near stall operating point of 82% design speed show that the dominant frequencies of mass flow were not the harmonics of the rotor rotational frequency. A full-annulus fluid–structure interaction analysis was subsequently carried out to examine the unsteady flows and their interactions with blade vibrations. The results show that the modal displacement of the backward traveling seventh nodal diameter of the second torsion mode grew exponentially, which reveals that the blade vibration was non-synchronous. The vibration pattern indicates that the aerodynamic mode was resonant with the structural vibration mode. Around the rotor tip, the circumferential vortical propagation induced by interactions among the main flow, tip leakage flow, and tip clearance vortex was the source of aerodynamic excitation. To clarify the mechanism of the non-synchronous vibration, the coupling between aerodynamic disturbance and structural response, i.e., aliasing, was summarized. The frequency spectra of the fluctuating pressure show that an aerodynamic Backward Traveling Wave (BTW) was co-aliased to a structural BTW due to the propagation of the circumferential vortex. The correlation between the frequency and free convective speed of the aerodynamic disturbance determined the directions of aliasing.     

基于叶端定时的转子叶片裂纹监测与诊断

为了实现转子叶片裂纹非接触式监测，提出基于??0范数的叶端定时欠采样信号稀疏重构算法。针对叶端定时信号欠采样问题，建立欠采样信号稀疏表示模型，利用分块正交匹配追踪算法对叶端定时欠采样信号进行分段重构，进而监测在变转速非稳态工况下转子叶片动频的变化情况，据此判断转子叶片是否产生裂纹。针对应变片信号间隔采样的特点，研究基于同步提取变换的时频分析方法，以提高时频图的时频聚集性。开展旋转叶片裂纹扩展试验，同时采用叶端定时和应变片系统测量叶片振动。对比叶端定时和应变片的分析结果，二者均可在裂纹叶片断裂之前至少20min，监测到裂纹叶片和正常叶片的动频发生分离的现象，即裂纹萌生致使叶片动频发生偏移，表明所提出的叶端定时欠采样信号重构方法能够实现转子叶片裂纹的监测与诊断。     

叶顶间隙偏差对叶片气动性能影响的不确定性研究

在压气机叶片加工过程中，实际加工得到的叶片外形与设计叶型不可避免会存在一些偏差。为研究叶片叶顶间隙尺寸波动对性能的影响，以Rotor37为研究对象，采用三维定常数值模拟方法，基于非嵌入式混沌多项式中二维正态分布变量产生方法，分别对叶片前缘叶顶间隙和尾缘叶顶间隙进行尺寸波动干扰，研究了叶顶间隙不确定性对气动性能和流场的不确定性影响，评估了公差带内叶顶间隙偏差与气动性能变化的相关性，并探究了叶顶间隙变化对叶片稳定裕度的影响机理。研究发现，叶顶间隙偏差对等背压条件下叶片质量流量、等熵效率和总压比的平均水平几乎不会造成影响；叶顶间隙偏差所造成的气动性能分布标准差随工况点向不稳定边界的逼近而逐渐增大。同时，叶顶间隙不确定性会导致样本稳定裕度均值有所降低，不确定性分析中稳定裕度均值相对原型叶片下降了2.42%。流场结构方面，叶顶间隙偏差主要影响80%叶高以上部分流场；叶顶间隙偏差对叶顶区域泄漏流产生的影响，导致了叶片稳定裕度的变化。     

Simulation of the secondary air system of turbofan engines: Insights from 1D-3D modeling

Focusing on the internal flow and heat transfer analysis, a platform for the performance evaluation of the Secondary Air System (SAS) is developed. A multi-fidelity modeling technique has been developed in a turbofan engine model under different flight conditions. A turbine blade cooling model which integrates external heat transfer calculations and coolant side modeling with common components is proposed. In addition, the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method is selected to capture the complex flow field structure in the preswirl system. The validity of the SAS models is compared with publicly available data. An elaborately designed cooling system for the AGTF30 engine is analyzed through three main branches. It is found that the 1D-3D modeling technique can provide more accurate predictions of the SAS for the AGTF30 engine. The results demonstrate the versatility and flexibility of the SAS models, thereby indicating the capacity of meeting most of the demands of flow and thermal analysis of the SAS.