襟翼缝道对多段翼型气动特性影响的实验研究

对具有襟翼不同缝道构形的多段翼型进行了翼面边界层、表面压力、尾迹速度的测量,同时作了翼面流谱观察实验。实验结果表明,襟翼缝道的不同构形对多段翼型的流动特性、增升效果和升阻特性有着强烈的影响,该研究中具有最佳优化缝道的多段翼型的最大升力系数可达3.360,它为普通缝道多段翼型对应迎角下升力系数的115％。     

翼型过失速动态实验测控系统

介绍西北工业大学翼型研究中心用于翼型过失速动态特性研究的实验装置和测控系统的设计、系统性能和结构、数据采集、数据处理方法和实验结果。也对动态实验中测量、控制与精度等问题展开讨论。     

Transonic buffet control research with two types of shock control bump based on RAE2822 airfoil

Current research shows that the traditional shock control bump (SCB) can weaken the intensity of shock and better the transonic buffet performance.The author finds that when SCB is placed downstream of the shock,it can decrease the adverse pressure gradient.This may prevent the shock foot separation bubble to merge with the trailing edge separation and finally improve the buffet performance.Based on RAE2822 airfoil,two types of SCB are designed according to the two different mechanisms.By using Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) methods to analyze the properties of RAE2822 airfoil with and without SCB,the results show that the downstream SCB can better the buffet performance under a wide range of freestream Mach number and the steady aerodynamics characteristic is similar to that of RAE2822 airfoil.The traditional SCB can only weaken the intensity of the shock under the design condition.Under the off-design conditions,the SCB does not do much to or even worsen the buffet performance.Indeed,the use of backward bump can flatten the leeward side of the airfoil,and this is similar to the mechanism that supercritical airfoil can weaken the recompression of shock wave.     

直升机新型旋翼翼型气动特性与布局分析

利用结构网格计算流体力学(Computational fluid dynamics ,CFD)的翼型气动特性分析方法开展旋翼翼型气动特性计算。通过RAE282，NACA0012，OA212，OA207等翼型压力分布、升力和阻力等特性计算结果与试验结果的对比分析，验证了计算方法的准确性，并进一步完成了HF系列旋翼翼型的气动特性计算。基于翼型的气动特性，采用时间步进自由尾迹的旋翼气动性能分析方法开展旋翼桨叶翼型的气动布局优化设计，对悬停和前飞条件下的旋翼开展计算分析，得到两种条件下的旋翼气动特性。而后通过本文建立的优化方法开展旋翼翼型布局优化设计。     

热/力耦合作用下基于应力分析的冰破坏准则

根据飞机热除冰的物理过程,考虑外部空气动力和蒙皮表面加热的作用,建立了NACA 0012翼型前缘冰层应力计算模型。采用有限元方法和平面三角形单元对控制方程组进行了求解,获得了外部空气动力和蒙皮表面加热对冰层黏附界面应力的影响规律。研究表明:蒙皮表面不加热时,来流速度影响了黏附界面应力的强度,来流攻角影响了黏附界面应力的分布,冰-蒙皮间黏附界面切应力最大值随来流速度呈近似线性增大趋势,但外部空气动力很难造成冰层破坏。蒙皮表面加热时,冰-蒙皮间黏附界面的耦合应力和冰层内部的主应力随着热流密度的增大而增大,很容易超过剪切强度,这是造成冰破坏的关键因素。耦合冰-蒙皮剪切强度随界面温度的变化关系,初步建立了基于应力分析和热/力耦合作用的冰破坏判断准则。外部空气动力产生的界面应力和蒙皮表面加热产生的界面热应力之和，必须大于与蒙皮表面温度相关的剪切强度，则冰层发生破坏，破坏位置是耦合应力超过剪切强度的区域。      

Aerodynamics of smart flap under ground effect

Aerodynamic characteristics of two-dimensional smart flap under the ground effect have been assessed by a numerical simulation. In this process, a pressure-based implicit procedure to solve Navier–Stokes equations on a nonorthogonal mesh with collocated finite volume formulation is used. The boundedness criteria for this procedure are determined from the Normalized Variable Diagram (NVD) scheme. The procedure incorporates the k–ε eddy–viscosity turbulence model. Cantilever beam with uniformly varying load with roller support at the free end is considered for the configuration of the smart flap. The method is first validated against experimental data. Then, the algorithm is applied for turbulent aerodynamic flows around airfoil with smart and conventional flaps for different attack angle, flap angle and ground clearance where the results of two flaps are compared. The comparisons show that the quality of the solution is considerable.     

基于IDDES方法的翼型结冰失速分离流动数值模拟

应用基于k-ωSST湍流模型的IDDES(Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation)方法,就失速点附近翼型前缘典型双角状积冰导致的复杂分离流动进行了数值模拟研究.通过与风洞试验结果进行对比,表明对于此类分离流动问题,IDDES方法能够在壁面附近取得良好的速度预测结果,有效解析分离区域内的中小尺度湍流结构,较为准确地描述大尺度时均分离泡的再附位置和形态特征,适用于翼型结冰后复杂流动的精细分析.同时计算结果显示当此带冰翼型位于失速点附近时,角状冰后方脱落剪切层内部的旋涡不稳定析出和输运过程促进了外部流动与回流区域流动间的掺混,将导致流动发生非定常再附现象.     

基于CST方法的高空低雷诺数吸附式叶型耦合优化设计

研究了一种基于类别形状函数变换（CST）方法的吸附式叶型优化设计方法,该方法可以在高空低雷诺数条件下对叶型和抽吸方案耦合优化.结果表明:优化之后在20km高空低雷诺数条件下总压损失降低了65%,静压升提高了0.02,气动性能得到较大提升.而且由于优化过程中罚函数的引入使得优化后吸附式叶型在地面条件下性能也有所提高.对于高空低雷诺数条件下吸附式叶型在抽吸位置之前适当的增加叶型负荷,再通过抽吸来控制附面层,效果最优.并且最佳抽吸位置位于层流分离泡作用区域内.在层流分离泡作用区域内抽吸可以完全消除层流分离泡对叶型性能的影响,并且可以较好控制附面层位移厚度和动量厚度的增加,有效地减小附面层内的动量损失.      

基于冷态叶型生成叶片加工坐标的方法

建立了基于冷态叶型生成叶片加工坐标的方法,包括排序、插值加密、叠加位移量、去倒圆及端区叶型拟合等步骤.以某多级轴流压气机为例,应用该方法生成的加工坐标叶片除端区外主流通道叶高内误差在0.01mm以下,叶片表面波纹度和前后缘曲率良好.通过进口级的数值模拟表明:该方法生成的加工坐标叶片与冷态叶型的误差对气动性能影响小,流量-总压比-等熵效率特性变化微小,叶片进出口气流速度、方向及流场细节等变化较小,满足工程应用的需求.      

Aerodynamic optimization of rotor airfoil based on multi-layer hierarchical constraint method

Rotor airfoil design is investigated in this paper. There are many difficulties for this high-dimensional multi-objective problem when traditional multi-objective optimization methods are used. Therefore, a multi-layer hierarchical constraint method is proposed by coupling principal component analysis (PCA) dimensionality reduction and e-constraint method to translate the orig-inal high-dimensional problem into a bi-objective problem. This paper selects the main design objectives by conducting PCA to the preliminary solution of original problem with consideration of the priority of design objectives. According to the e-constraint method, the design model is estab-lished by treating the two top-ranking design goals as objective and others as variable constraints. A series of bi-objective Pareto curves will be obtained by changing the variable constraints, and the favorable solution can be obtained by analyzing Pareto curve spectrum. This method is applied to the rotor airfoil design and makes great improvement in aerodynamic performance. It is shown that the method is convenient and efficient, beyond which, it facilitates decision-making of the high-dimensional multi-objective engineering problem.