高速无人机着陆滑跑纠偏联合仿真研究

针对高空高速无人机着陆地面滑跑过程中的侧向偏移问题,建立了差动刹车和方向舵联合纠偏控制系统。使用动力学软件LMS Virtual. Lab Motion建立了包含阻力伞、气动舵面和起落架等设计因素的全机动力学模型,并与Matlab/Simulink控制模型进行全无人机着陆滑跑联合仿真分析,验证了在侧风情况下无人机着陆滑跑纠偏性能。仿真结果表明,所设计控制系统满足性能指标要求,在无人机的整个滑跑阶段均有良好的抗风纠偏效果。     

倾转三旋翼无人机过渡模式纵向姿态控制

对倾转三旋翼无人机过渡模式下定高转换的纵向姿态控制进行了研究,为提高纵向操纵效能、解决操纵冗余问题,设计了模态转换中的操纵控制方案;采用牛顿-欧拉法对飞机进行动力学建模分析,建立了纵向动力学模型并给出了过渡转换路径;通过操纵效能分析对两种操纵机制进行分配,给出了操纵分配的权重和控制律.仿真和实验样机飞行试验地面站数据分析结果表明,按照所设计的操纵分配方案和控制律对飞机过渡模式进行纵向控制,能够使飞机保持平稳过渡.     

Flight safety measurements of UAVs in congested airspace

Describing spatial safety status is crucial for high-density air traffic involving multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in a complex environment. A probabilistic approach is proposed to measure safety situation in congested airspace. The occupancy distribution of the airspace is represented with conflict probability between spatial positions and UAV. The concept of a safety envelope related to flight performance and response time is presented first instead of the conventional fixed-size protected zones around aircraft. Consequently, the conflict probability is performance-dependent, and effects of various UAVs on safety can be distinguished. The uncer-tainty of a UAV future position is explicitly accounted for as Brownian motion. An analytic approximate algorithm for the conflict probability is developed to decrease the computational consumption. The relationship between safety and flight performance are discussed for different response times and prediction intervals. To illustrate the applications of the approach, an experi-ment of three UAVs in formation flight is performed. In addition, an example of trajectory planning is simulated for one UAV flying over airspace where five UAVs exist. The validation of the approach shows its potential in guaranteeing flight safety in highly dynamic environment.     

具有全向推力矢量的六旋翼无人机设计与建模

针对常规旋翼飞行器飞行速度小和加速飞行时不能保持机体水平姿态等问题,提出了一种具有全向推力矢量的六旋翼无人机设计方案;分析了推力矢量六旋翼在可倾转旋翼结构倾转不同角度时的飞行模式;建立了推力矢量六旋翼的动力学模型,并针对动力学模型设计了PID控制器;最后对动力学模型进行数值仿真验证.结果表明,所设计的推力矢量六旋翼能够悬停,且可以在定速飞行中保持飞行器的水平姿态.     

小型固定翼无人机集群综述和未来发展综述

围绕小型固定翼无人机集群这一难度高、发展快、应用前景广阔、多学科交叉的新方向,从集群系统内涵、现有典型项目、关键技术3个角度综述了国内外小型固定翼无人机集群的研究现状。在系统梳理集群系统内涵和应用优势的基础上,从集群协同模式探索、分布指挥体系构建、核心关键技术突破和集群验证等4个视角总结现有典型项目,从体系架构、通信组网、决策与规划、飞机平台、集群飞行、集群安全与集群指控等7个核心点综述了技术研究现状。最后,综合小型固定翼无人机集群中亟需解决的关键技术,展望了这一领域未来的发展趋势。     

Coactive design of explainable agent-based task planning and deep reinforcement learning for human-UAVs teamwork

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are useful in dangerous and dynamic tasks such as search-and-rescue, forest surveillance, and anti-terrorist operations. These tasks can be solved better through the collaboration of multiple UAVs under human supervision. However, it is still difficult for human to monitor, understand, predict and control the behaviors of the UAVs due to the task complexity as well as the black-box machine learning and planning algorithms being used. In this paper, the coactive design method is adopted to analyze the cognitive capabilities required for the tasks and design the interdependencies among the heterogeneous teammates of UAVs or human for coherent collaboration. Then, an agent-based task planner is proposed to automatically decompose a complex task into a sequence of explainable subtasks under constrains of resources, execution time, social rules and costs. Besides, a deep reinforcement learning approach is designed for the UAVs to learn optimal policies of a flocking behavior and a path planner that are easy for the human operator to understand and control. Finally, a mixed-initiative action selection mechanism is used to evaluate the learned policies as well as the human’s decisions. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.     

无人机系统的安全性与危险源分析

无人机系统的战术性能及优势将使其在未来高技术战争和民用航空中发挥越来越重要的作用。然 而,由于有人机与无人机飞行事故的特点不同,使得有人机的安全性分析与管理措施不完全适用于无人机系 统。首先,对无人机系统的飞行事故进行统计分析,得出无人机系统事故的特点;然后,合理借鉴有人机的安全 性分析,定义无人机系统的安全性,提出无人机系统事故的严酷度等级划分及相应的危险可接受度;最后,从设 计、机组训练及使用操作三方面进行危险源分析。本文提出的无人机系统不安全事件发生可能性等级划分和 危险源定性分析,可为后续无人机安全管理框架的构建奠定基础。     

空时分组编码的无人机中继通信航迹规划方法

无人机(UAV)中继通信是实现远距离点对点无线通信的一种重要技术手段。为提高无人机中继通信系统链路传输的可靠性,提出基于空时分组编码的无人机放大转发中继通信传输方案,并基于双跳链路遍历容量最大化的准则给出了无人机最佳航迹规划方法,并进一步利用FM-EM算法给出了基于空时分组编码无人机中继通信系统的中断概率及遍历信道容量计算公式。计算机仿真表明:提出的方法显著优于传统的单发单收(SISO)无人机中继通信系统。     

无人机类脑吸引子神经网络导航技术

当前无人机在非结构化或未知环境下飞行主要采用SLAM进行导航与定位，存在如下突出问题：依赖高精度昂贵激光雷达等环境感知传感器；需要建立准确世界和无人机物理模型；受环境影响较大；自主智能水平较低，无法较好地满足无人机对导航系统的要求，需要发展自主智能的导航方式。基于吸引子神经网络的类脑导航技术，无需训练模型参数，不依赖高精度传感器，无需精确建模，且复杂环境下鲁棒性较强，具有解决上述问题的潜力。简要阐述了动物大脑导航机理，分析了吸引子神经网络和基于吸引子神经网络的类脑导航关键技术，最后讨论了吸引子类脑导航技术在无人机应用中的挑战。     

基于干扰观测器的四旋翼无人机离散时间容错控制

为了飞行控制方案便于在计算机上实现，针对具有外部干扰和执行器加性故障的四旋翼无人机（UAV）角度运动方程，给出一种基于干扰观测器的离散时间跟踪控制方案。通过设计离散时间干扰观测器抑制外部干扰和执行器故障的不利影响，并结合干扰观测器设计离散时间控制器。通过数值仿真验证了基于干扰观测器的离散时间容错控制方案的有效性。仿真结果表明，设计的离散控制器能够保证外部干扰和执行器故障综合作用下的四旋翼UAV系统跟踪控制性能。