一种新型微型杆式超声电机及其驱动原理

提出了一种新型微型杆式超声电机,并对该杆式电机的驱动机理进行了仿真。该电机采用两段金属柱体压紧5片压电陶瓷片作为定子。该定子结构和压电陶瓷片的布局方式可以提高其机电转换效率。为尽量减小定、转子之间的径向滑移以提高摩擦传动效率,电机采用了柔性转子,对原理样机及其微型驱动器进行了性能实验。电机的外径为9mm,长度为15mm,重3.2g。当电机工作在杆式定子的一阶弯曲频率(72kHz)附近时,电机实测最大转速为520r/min,最大输出力矩为4.5mN·m。实验结果表明,该电机具有良好的稳定性,利用频率自动跟踪技术对电机转速进行闭环控制,可以将其转速波动稳定在3%之内。     

弯扭复合大负载下电动舵机设计及性能试验研究

针对弯扭复合大负载工况下电动舵机快速性与稳定性匹配的问题,在分析有限空间质量约束下舵机设计要求的基础上,采用基于核心部件与系统仿真及试验验证相结合的手段,提出了一种高刚度高功率密度的抗弯扭复合大负载电动舵机设计方法。详细阐述了高功率密度伺服电机和高刚度传动机构的设计过程,并研制了工程样机。试验结果表明:该电动舵机伺服刚度与功率密度得到显著提升,在复合大负载工况下能够实现高动态高可靠稳定运行。     

纯电动城市客车EMB执行机构驱动电机制动性能分析

传统气压制动系统存在压缩机、制动油箱和空气管路,占据较大空间,而采用电子机械制动(EMB)系统代替,不但可以减小空间,还能实现对夹紧力的快速响应和精确控制。以纯电动城市客车为目标车型,讨论了EMB执行机构方案,根据传统气压盘式制动器最大夹紧力推导出电机的堵转转矩和空载转速。据此设计了永磁无刷直流驱动电机,堵转转矩为10 N·m,空载转速为370 r/min。在Maxwell 2D中搭建驱动电机有限元模型,分析电机在消除间隙阶段和夹紧力增加阶段的制动性能。结果表明所设计的驱动电机制动性能可满足要求。     

一种高灵敏度的电动舵机系统研究

本文研究了一种基于单片机的高灵敏、分体式小型电动舵机系统。首先分析了电动舵机的组成与功能，并分别从舵机结构、控制算法两方面对舵机系统的性能设计进行了分析和阐述。针对舵机高灵敏度的性能要求，对控制算法进行了优化并进行了相应仿真。最后经过试验验证，电动舵机满足了高灵敏度的指标要求，验证了控制算法的正确性。     

Motion synchronization in a dual redundant HA/EHA system by using a hybrid integrated intelligent control design

This paper presents an integrated fuzzy controller design approach to synchronize a dis-similar redundant actuation system of a hydraulic actuator (HA) and an electro-hydrostatic actu-ator (EHA) with system uncertainties and disturbances. The motion synchronous control system consists of a trajectory generator, an individual position controller for each actuator, and a fuzzy force tracking controller (FFTC) for both actuators. The trajectory generator provides the desired motion dynamics and designing parameters of the trajectory which are taken according to the dynamic characteristics of the EHA. The position controller consists of a feed-forward controller and a fuzzy position tracking controller (FPTC) and acts as a decoupled controller, improving posi-tion tracking performance with the help of the feed-forward controller and the FPTC. The FFTC acts as a coupled controller and takes into account the inherent coupling effect. The simulation results show that the proposed controller not only eliminates initial force fighting by synchronizing the two actuators, but also improves disturbance rejection performance.     

Multi-level virtual prototyping of electromechanical actuation system for more electric aircraft

Electromechanical actuators (EMAs) are becoming increasingly attractive in the field of more electric aircraft because of their outstanding benefits, which include reduced fuel burn and maintenance cost, enhanced system flexibility, and improved management of fault detection and isolation. However, electromechanical actuation raises specific issues when being used for safety-critical aerospace applications like flight controls: huge reflected inertia to load, jamming-type failure, and increase of backlash with service due to wear and local dissipation of heat losses for thermal balance. This study proposes an incremental approach for virtual prototyping of EMAs. It is driven by a model-based system engineering process in order to enable simulation-aided design. Best practices supported by Bond graph formalism are suggested to develop a model’s structure efficiently and to make the model ready for use (or extension) by addressing the above mentioned issues. Physical effects are progressively introduced, and the realism of lumped-parameter models is increased step-by-step. In particular, multi-level component models are architected to ensure continuity between engineering activities. The models are implemented in the AMESim simulation environment, and simulation responses are given to illustrate how they can be used for preliminary sizing, control design, thermal balance verification, and faults to failure analysis. The proposed best practices intend to provide engineers with fast, reusable, and efficient means to assess performance virtually and enhance maturity, performance, and robustness.     

基于H∞方法的控制系统作动器最优控制仿真研究

在设计控制系统模型时,首先引入了有限差分法(FDM)离散化后的波动方程,然后基于H∞最优控制原理,检查闭环控制系统的稳定性和可探测性,对控制系统传感器和作动器的位置进行优化配置.通过计算闭环反馈系统的范数,最终得到了控制系统的最优控制算法.仿真结果表明,利用波动方程来优化控制系统传感器和作动器位置的算法是可行的,可广泛应用于飞控系统的设计中.     

基于快速非奇异终端滑模的姿态控制技术

针对存在执行器故障与外部干扰的刚体飞行器姿态控制系统,提出一种基于快速非奇异终端滑模(NSFTSM)的姿态容错控制方法.控制方法不仅保证姿态机动过程的快速性,而且避免了传统的终端滑模面所带来的奇异性问题.采用二阶鲁棒精确微分器估计执行器故障与外部干扰,采用快速非奇异终端滑模技术设计姿态容错控制律,根据Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了方法的稳定性.稳定性分析表明,通过引入新型快速非奇异终端滑模,控制器使得闭环系统能够快速收敛到滑模面的微小邻域内,进而收敛到系统平衡点的微小邻域内,并且系统对外部干扰具有较强的鲁棒性.数值仿真结果验证了方法在姿态跟踪控制中的有效性.     

国外飞机机轮刹车系统的发展

阐述了航空机轮刹车系统最新的研究方向包括吸收能量更多并且更耐磨损的高密度碳材料,寻求更轻更强的结构部件材料,提升设计方法以优化刹车性能,机轮刹车系统的结构动力学研究,更大范围的电刹车装置和电刹车控制系统研究等。     

深度自编码观测器飞机操纵面快速故障诊断

为了避免扩展多模型自适应估计故障诊断方法中的雅克比矩阵计算,解决飞机精确模型难以获得的问题,降低在线故障诊断的计算量,提出了一种基于深度自编码观测器的飞机操纵面快速故障诊断方法.基于离线训练、在线估计的思想,采用量测的飞行数据训练得到不同故障下的飞机模型,代替扩展多模型自适应估计方法的卡尔曼滤波器进行状态估计;基于基础自编码器的隐层节点数选取经验公式,推导了两种深度自编码器的隐层节点数选取的递推公式.仿真结果表明,该方法无需精确的飞机模型,故障诊断速度快、精度高.