TC6钛合金整体叶轮数控铣削工艺

为提高ＴＣ６钛合金航空发动机整体叶轮零件曲面数控铣削效率与加工质量,采用正交实验方法,研究并分析了球头铣刀几何参数对零件切削表面硬化层及其后刀面磨损的影响,发现三维曲面铣削时刀具不同的现象,并依此提出了切实可行的ＴＣ６航空发动机整体叶轮零件数控铣削工艺。     

不同材质刀具在7075铝合金高速铣削中的磨损研究

为了研究7075铝合金高速铣削中不同材质刀具的磨损与选用,采用化学气相沉积法（（CVD）制备微米（MCD）/纳米（NCD）金刚石涂层刀具,利用场发射扫描电镜观察膜层的表面形貌,结合拉曼谱仪分析CVD金刚石涂层刀具薄膜的结构和成分;分别采用同规格尺寸的硬质合金刀具、MCD涂层刀具在无润滑干切条件下,进行粗加工高速铣削试验,观测两种刀具在加工一定距离后的磨损状况;分别采用同规格尺寸的硬质合金刀具、MCD涂层刀具、NCD涂层刀具在无润滑干切条件下,进行精加工高速铣削试验,观测和分析工件精加工铣削后的表面粗糙度值。结果表明：在大切深高速粗加工铣削7075铝合金时,MCD涂层刀具的寿命为硬质合金刀具的3倍;在小切削深度大进给的高速精加工7075铝合金中,三种刀具铣削后的工件表面粗糙度平均值分别为0.981、1.122和0.960 μm,NCD涂层刀具的加工效果要优于MCD涂层刀具;同时通过同一材质刀具的粗、精加工试验对比,发现同规格尺寸的刀具在小切深大进给高速精加工中的寿命是大切深大进给高速粗加工寿命的10倍。这说明7075铝合金的粗加工铣削优选MCD涂层刀具,精加工铣削优选NCD涂层刀具。     

Vibration suppression of thin-walled workpiece machining considering external damping properties based on magnetorheological fluids flexible fixture

Milling of the thin-walled workpiece in the aerospace industry is a critical process due to the high flexibility of the workpiece. In this paper, a flexible fixture based on the magnetorheological(MR) fluids is designed to investigate the regenerative chatter suppression during the machining.Based on the analysis of typical structural components in the aerospace industry, a general complex thin-walled workpiece with fixture and damping constraint can be equivalent as a rectangular cantilever beam. On the basis of the equivalent models, natural frequency and mode shape function of the thin-walled workpiece is obtained according to the Euler–Bernoulli beam assumptions. Then,the displacement response function of the bending vibration of the beam is represented by the product of all the mode shape function and the generalized coordinate. Furthermore, a dynamic equation of the workpiece-fixture system considering the external damping factor is proposed using the Lagrangian method in terms of all the mode shape function and the generalized coordinate, and the response of system under the dynamic cutting force is calculated to evaluate the stability of the milling process under damping control. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach are validated by the impact hammer experiments and several machining tests.     

低温微量润滑技术喷嘴方位正交试验研究

低温微量润滑切削技术作为一种理想的绿色冷却润滑方式,已经成为机械加工领域研究的热点之一.选择外部微量润滑与低温冷风的集成作为低温微量润滑系统的实现方式,给出了确定系统喷嘴方位的3个参数:喷射方向与进给方向夹角β、喷嘴仰角α和喷嘴距切削区的距离d,并分别构建了其几何模型.针对β角,给出了最优β角与切宽半径比(B/R)的曲线.通过正交试验研究了喷嘴方位的3个参数(β、α、d)对低温微量润滑切削性能影响的重要程度.结果表明,距离d对切削性能的影响最大;其次是β角;α角的影响最小,可根据实际工况选择α在30°～60°即可.     

碳纤维增强复合材料铣削和钻孔技术研究进展

碳纤维增强复合材料(特别是碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料和碳/碳复合材料)具有比强度和比模量高、耐高温、抗腐蚀等特点,被广泛应用于航空航天等领域.由于碳纤维增强复合材料硬度高、脆性大、层间剪切强度低等特点,使其在加工中容易出现毛刺、分层、撕裂等加工缺陷,并且刀具磨损快、耐用度低.针对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料和碳/碳复合材料的加工问题,从铣削和钻削两个方面讨论了加工参数、加工刀具、切削力预测以及超声振动钻孔和螺旋铣孔等方面的技术,总结了目前提高碳纤维增强复合材料加工质量的工艺方法.     

Analytical model of cutting force in axial ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling in-situ TiB2/7050Al PRMMCs

Ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling has been widely applied in machining the difficult-to-cut materials owing to the remarkable improvements in reducing the cutting force. However, analytical models to reveal the mechanism and predict the cutting force of ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling metal matrix composites are still needed to be developed. In this paper, an analytical model of cutting force was established for ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites. During modeling, change of motion of the cutting tool, contact of tool-chip-workpiece and acceleration of the chip caused by ultrasonic vibration was considered based on equivalent oblique cutting model. Meanwhile, material properties, tool geometry, cutting parameters and vibration parameters were taken into consideration. Furthermore, the developed analytical force model was validated with and without ultrasonic vibration milling experiments on in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites. The predicted cutting forces show to be consistent well with the measured cutting forces. Besides, the relative error of instantaneous maximum forces between the predicted and measured data is from 0.4% to 15.1%. The analytical model is significant for cutting force prediction not only in ultrasonic-vibration assisted milling but also in conventional milling in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites, which was proved with general applicability.     

钛合金TC4盘铣开槽加工铣削力研究

由于盘铣刀具直径大,切削余量大,造成钛合金盘铣开槽过程中铣削力较大,进而引起刀具振动,缩短刀具寿命。为实现对钛合金盘铣开槽过程的优化与控制,本文设计单因素实验和正交实验,利用三向压电式测力仪测量铣削力数据,采用线性回归技术建立铣削力模型并以“F”检验法对模型进行显著性检验;利用极差分析法分析工艺参数对铣削力的影响规律,利用响应曲面法分析工艺参数对铣削力的交互影响规律。研究结果表明：对于切削深度变化敏感度依次为铣削力F_x＞进给速度＞主轴转速;对于进给速度变化敏感度依次为铣削力F_y＞切削深度＞主轴转速;对于铣削力F_z变化敏感度依次为主轴转速＞切削深度。铣削力随着主轴转速的增大而减小,随着切削深度和进给速度的增大而增大。另外铣削力F_x大于F_y和F_z,对加工性能和刀具磨损起主导作用。     

Milling surface roughness for 7050 aluminum alloy cavity influenced by nozzle position of nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication

In nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication (NMQL) milling of aviation aluminum alloy, it is the bottleneck problem to adjust the position parameters (target distance, incidence angle, and elevation angle) of the nozzle to improve the surface roughness of milling, which has large and uncontrollable errors. In this paper, the influence law of milling cutter speed, helical angle, and cavity shape on the flow field around the milling cutter was studied, and the optimal nozzle profile parameters were obtained. Using 7050 aluminum alloy as the workpiece material, the milling experiment of the NMQL cavity was conducted by utilizing cottonseed oil-based Al₂O₃ nanofluid. Results show that the high velocity of the surrounding air flow field and the strong gas barrier could be attributed to high rotating velocities of the milling cutter. The incidence angle of the nozzle was consistent with the helical angle of the milling cutter, the target distance was appropriate at 25–30 mm, and the elevation angle was suitable at 60°–65°. The range and variance analyses of the signal-to-noise ratio of milling force and roughness were performed, and the chip morphology was observed and analyzed. The results show that the optimal combination of nozzle position parameters was the target distance of 30 mm, the incidence angle of 35°, and the elevation angle of 60°. Among these parameters, target distance had the largest impact on cutting performance with a contribution rate of more than 55%, followed by incidence angle and elevation contribution rate. Analysis by orthogonal experiment revealed that the nozzle position parameters were appropriate, and R_a (0.087 μm) was reduced by 30.4% from the maximum value (0.125 μm). Moreover, R_sm (0.05 mm) was minimum, which was 36% lower than that of the seventh group (R_sm = 0.078 mm).     

高温合金和钛合金的电火花加工研究新进展

高温合金和钛合金由于性能优越,被广泛应用于航天航空领域。但由于高温合金高温强度大且导热性差,加工硬化等现象严重,在机加工过程中刀具磨损严重,加工表面质量较差;钛合金塑性小,钛的活性较强容易被氧化或是产生氢脆性,在机加工时会出现严重的加工硬化和粘刀现象,加工难度较大。电火花加工依靠火花放电产生的局部高温来蚀除材料,工具电极和工件不接触,加工不受材料的机械性能限制,因此对于高温合金和钛合金的加工有重要的意义。从电火花成形加工、电火花线切割加工、微细电火花加工、电火花铣削、电火花表面强化和其他电火花加工方式6个方面综述了高温合金和钛合金材料电火花加工研究的新进展,并介绍了主要的研究成果。     

一类流线型曲面高效数控铣削加工方法研究及应用

针对一类典型流线型曲面——叶片的高效数控铣削加工方法研究,提出了基于加工系统动力学仿真分析的高效切削参数优化技术,该方法是提高切削加工效率,保证零件加工精度和表面质量的有效手段.首先,辨识得到加工零件材料的铣削力系数;其次,利用锤击试验分别得到机床-刀具系统及弱刚性零件结构的动态特性,同时利用有限元方法进行模态分析,并与试验结果进行对比分析,可辅助验证锤击试验结果的正确性,在此基础上仿真得到铣削颤振稳定域曲线,然后对建立了基于加工系统动态稳定性的高效数控铣削加工参数优化系统进行高效铣削参数优化;最后,依据优化的铣削参数制定零件铣削加工工艺,试验得到了加工质量合格的叶片,其加工效率较传统方法有显著的提高.