三硝基间苯二酚中硫酸测定的研究

本文研究了硫酸钡在氨水溶液中与ＥＤＴＡ的反应条件，提出用ＥＤＴＡ滴定法测定三硝基间苯二酚中的硫酸。本法准确度较高，稳定性好，操作简单，与样品标准值对照，结果满意。     

SQL Server数据复制在自来水数据库系统中的实现

介绍了Microson SQL Server数据复制的概念、工作原理和拓扑结构,并结合自来水公司的业务特点和应用需求,提出了适合企业业务发展的分布式系统解决方案.     

Integration of lessons from recent research for “Earth to Mars” life support systems

Development of reliable and robust strategies for long-term life support for planetary exploration must be built from real-time experimentation to verify and improve system components. Also critical is incorporating a range of viable options to handle potential short-term life system imbalances. This paper revisits some of the conceptual framework for a Mars base prototype which has been developed by the authors along with others previously advanced (“Mars on Earth^®”) in the light of three years of experimentation in the Laboratory Biosphere, further investigation of system alternatives and the advent of other innovative engineering and agri-ecosystem approaches. Several experiments with candidate space agriculture crops have demonstrated the higher productivity possible with elevated light levels and improved environmental controls. For example, crops of sweet potatoes exceeded original Mars base prototype projections by an average of 46% (53% for best crop) ultradwarf (Apogee) wheat by 9% (23% for best crop), pinto bean by 13% (31% for best crop). These production levels, although they may be increased with further optimization of lighting regimes, environmental parameters, crop density etc. offer evidence that a soil-based system can be as productive as the hydroponic systems which have dominated space life support scenarios and research. But soil also offers distinct advantages: the capability to be created on the Moon or Mars using in situ space resources, reduces long-term reliance on consumables and imported resources, and more readily recycling and incorporating crew and crop waste products. In addition, a living soil contains a complex microbial ecosystem which helps prevent the buildup of trace gases or compounds, and thus assist with air and water purification. The atmospheric dynamics of these crops were studied in the Laboratory Biosphere adding to the database necessary for managing the mixed stands of crops essential for supplying a nutritionally adequate diet in space. This paper explores some of the challenges of small bioregenerative life support: air-sealing and facility architecture/design, balance of short-term variations of carbon dioxide and oxygen through staggered plantings, options for additional atmospheric buffers and sinks, lighting/energy efficiency engineering, crop and waste product recycling approaches, and human factor considerations in the design and operation of a Mars base. An “Earth to Mars” project, forging the ability to live sustainably in space (as on Earth) requires continued research and testing of these components and integrated subsystems; and developing a step-by-step learning process.     

飞机结冰热力学行为研究综述

热力学现象是制约飞机结冰特性的重要现象之一。开展飞机结冰过程热力学行为的研究旨在深入把握结冰过程的规律特征,从而为建立科学有效的结冰防护手段、保障结冰条件下的飞行安全奠定基础。本文回顾和介绍了飞机结冰热力学研究所涉及的过冷水滴存在的物理机制、结冰热力学条件、形核与晶体生长、耦合液/固相变的复合传热传质特性,以及热力学效应作用下的结冰物理特性等相关领域的研究进展及发展现状,并基于国外相关研究的发展趋势,提出了中国未来飞机结冰热力学研究需重点关注的方向。     

水平表面气流剪切作用下的水膜厚度

飞机结冰表面上的液态水受气流吹拂作用会发生向后溢流,从而影响结冰区域范围及防冰系统设计;为了获得水膜流动规律,对水平平板表面上气流剪切驱动的水膜流动进行了实验测量和建模分析。通过水膜流动风洞试验台产生高速气流驱动水膜的流动,使用色散共焦位移计测量同一位置的水膜在不同时刻的厚度变化,结果表明气-液界面由底层薄水膜和多种尺度的波动组成,具有变化速度快随机性强的特点。通过水膜厚度随气流速度及水膜雷诺数的变化规律,发现平均水膜厚度与两者均呈现出单调非线性的依赖关系。基于薄水膜流动理论和平均水膜厚度实验结果,提出了高速气流剪切作用下的气-液波动界面剪切因子计算式,适用于风速17.8~52.2m/s,水膜雷诺数26~128之间的平板水膜流动计算。     

某型蒸发式稳定器气动及燃烧特性研究

为解决亚燃冲压发动机在高速低温来流条件下的可靠点火、火焰稳定和高效燃烧问题,对某型蒸发式火焰稳定器分别进行了冷态流场和燃烧流场的数值研究,并与常规V型火焰稳定器进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:在给定范围内,蒸发式稳定器随来流速度的增大,总压恢复系数和停留时间明显减小,回流区长度、回流率和燃烧效率变化不大;与相同槽宽的常规V型火焰稳定器相比,回流率明显减小,总压恢复系数、回流区长度和停留时间略有减小。蒸发式稳定器后部形成明显的回流区,且基本上不受外部主流流动的干扰,通过单独控制稳定器局部供油,可以使稳定器在最佳油气比下工作,有利于在高速来流条件下可靠工作。     

冲压发动机燃烧引起激波运动过程一维分析

分析了冲压发动机喷油燃烧引起内流道内正激波运动的机理,采用一维激波捕捉方法,建立了燃油喷入对正激波运动位置影响的一维仿真模型。通过仿真发现:喷入燃油并逐步增大燃油-空气当量比时,正激波逐步向上游运动;燃油-空气当量比越大,正激波越接近进气道喉道;当燃油-空气当量比增大到一定程度时,正激波距离进气道喉道最近,但并未越过喉道;进一步增大燃油-空气当量比,正激波开始向下游回退进一步分析发现:冲压发动机流道及燃烧组织匹配设计直接影响到正激波在流道内的运动位置,需要在设计中格外重视。燃油-空气当量比与激波位置的关系分析可为冲压发动机设计提供一定的理论参考。     

7075铝合金在不同温度盐水环境中的腐蚀疲劳行为

基于飞机结构材料7075铝合金在沿海地区服役时海水飞溅及曝晒导致的高温腐蚀疲劳损伤问题,研究了7075铝合金在35,55,75℃下3.5%NaCl溶液环境中的腐蚀疲劳寿命,并使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察断口形貌,探讨了温度对腐蚀疲劳裂纹萌生扩展的影响机理。结果表明:同一应力水平下,温度越高,腐蚀疲劳寿命越短,300MPa时35,55,75℃下的中值寿命分别为33 001,30 931,15 346次循环。腐蚀损伤和疲劳损伤存在竞争关系,应力水平较高时,腐蚀较轻,试样寿命主要受应力水平影响,疲劳源多从铝合金基体与包铝层结合处萌生;应力水平较低时,腐蚀较严重,疲劳寿命随温度升高明显下降,疲劳源多从腐蚀坑处萌生。断口形貌显示高温环境主要通过加速腐蚀坑的形成来影响疲劳源的萌生,深坑状腐蚀坑应力集中严重,对疲劳性能伤害大。     

高效离子电热水器的设计

描述一种由AT89C2051单片机控制的高效离子电热水器，该热水器使用安全，即开即热，转换效率高。     

高压水切割技术

复合材料的机械加工是一个特殊的问题.本文论述了用高压水切割技术对复合材料加工的原理和优点,简要说明了切割设备的组成,给出了主要的理论计算方法,并用实验数据进行了比较.最后指出了该技术的应用领域的扩展及其前景.