基于代码自动生成的空间交会GNC系统仿真平台

空间交会对接GNC系统涉及目标器和追踪器两个航天器的姿态轨道控制,其数学仿真比一般的卫星更复杂.给出一种轨道动力学、姿态动力学、相对动力学、测量及执行部件等仿真模型的规范化方法,并在此基础上,提出一套基于代码自动生成技术的空间交会对接GNC仿真平台,该平台的模块化和自动化程度高、软件的可读性和通用性强,实现了两个航天器的快速规范化仿真,显著提高了研究人员的工作效率,为空间交会GNC系统的设计和仿真提供了良好的支持.     

热控涂层搭载飞行试验进展综述

文章对国内外航天器热控涂层在轨搭载飞行试验进行了调研,综述了利用和平号空间站、＂国际空间站＂、美国航天飞机、＂长期暴露装置＂等航天器进行的相关试验工作及主要的研究成果等。在此基础上提出了我国开展热控涂层搭载飞行试验的建议。     

基于OPTIMUS的临近空间飞行器再入轨迹优化设计

针对临近空间飞行器再入飞行受到热流率、动压和过载等多约束情况下的轨迹优化问题,提出了基于OPTIMUS优化软件平台搜索初值的编程求解方案。首先根据再入飞行动力学原理建立数学模型,并合理简化,应用最优控制理论设计滚转角控制律;然后利用OPTIMUS软件平台搭建系统工作流程,进行试验设计并建立响应面模型,通过平台集成的优化算法寻找初值;最后结合不同优化算法的优点,基于遗传算法加模式搜索法编写程序求解轨迹。结果表明,基于OPTIMUS分析所设计的轨迹优化方案,可以快速确定较为准确的初值,计算效率显著提高,且能够保证较高精度。     

航天光学遥感在自然灾害管理中应用能力评述

以建（构）筑物、生命线、农作物、基础设施等受损情况为切入点,介绍了航天光学遥感在灾害特征参数反演、灾害风险评估、灾害监测、灾害损失评估、恢复重建等领域的应用现状和应用能力,指出航天光学遥感与灾害管理之间存在灾区遥感数据实时获取能力不足和相应遥感灾害信息智能提取算法体系不完善等问题,并从航天器设计角度提出了解决对策,如平衡发展多种空间分辨率和多种光谱分辨率光学遥感器,协同发展机动和常规两种成像模式,积极发展星上智能信息提取技术。     

基于角锥体原理的月面巡视探测器定位方法

为了获取月面巡视探测器在月球表面的相对位置信息,提出了一种基于角锥体原理的相对定位方法。此方法无需初始值,仅利用巡视探测器获取的包含着陆器目标的影像,就可以实现巡视探测器高精度定位。通过嫦娥二期工程试验,验证了该算法的有效性,可为月面巡视探测器开展科学考察任务所应用。     

Sweetpotato vine management for confined food production in a space life-support system

Sweetpotato (Ipomea batatas L.) ‘Whatley–Loretan’ was developed for space life support by researchers at Tuskegee University for its highly productive, nutritious storage roots. This promising candidate space life-support crop has a sprawling habit and aggressive growth rate in favorable environments that demands substantial growing area. Shoot pruning is not a viable option for vine control because removal of the main shoot apex drastically inhibits storage-root initiation and development, and chemical growth retardants typically are not cleared for use with food crops. As part of a large effort by the NASA Specialized Center of Research and Training in Advanced Life Support to reduce equivalent system mass (ESM) for food production in space, the dilemma of vine management for sweetpotato was addressed in effort to conserve growth area without compromising root yield. Root yields from unbranched vines trained spirally around wire frames configured either in the shapes of cones or cylinders were similar to those from vines trained horizontally along the bench, but occupying only a small fraction of the bench area. This finding indicates that sweetpotato is highly adaptable to a variety of vine-training architectures. Planting a second plant in the growth container and training the two vines in opposite directions around frames enhanced root yield and number, but had little effect on average length of each vine or bench area occupied. Once again, root yields were similar for both configurations of wire support frames. The 3–4-month crop-production cycles for sweetpotato in the greenhouse spanned all seasons of multiple years during the course of the study, and although electric lighting was used for photoperiod control and to supplement photosynthetic light during low-light seasons, there still were differences in total light available across seasons. Light variations and other environmental differences among experiments in the greenhouse had more effects on vine length than on root yield. Average vine length correlated positively with total hours of daylight received across seasons, and responses for one plant per container were higher above a threshold duration of solar exposure, suggesting that the vines of two plants per container compete for available light. In addition to the adaptability of sweetpotato to various vine-training architectures and across seasons in terms of maintaining root productivity, the open, interior volumes of the support frames tested in this study will provide future opportunity to enhance sweetpotato root yield in space by adding novel interior lighting, such as from intracanopy arrays of light-emitting diodes. This work was sponsored by NASA grant NAG 5 1286.     

Testing Modified Newtonian Dynamics with LISA Pathfinder

We suggest that LISA Pathfinder, a technology demonstrator for the future gravitational wave observatory LISA, could be used to carry out a direct experimental test of Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND). The LISA Pathfinder spacecraft is currently being built and the launch date is just a few years away. No modifications of the spacecraft are required, nor any interference with its nominal mission. The basic concept is to fly LISA Pathfinder through the region around the Sun-Earth saddle point, in an extended mission phase, once the original mission goals are achieved. We examine various strategies to reach the saddle point, and find that the preferred strategy, yielding relatively short transfer times of just over 1 year, probably involves a lunar fly-by. LISA Pathfinder will be able to probe the intermediate MOND regime, i.e. the transition between deep MOND and Newtonian gravity. We present robust estimates of the anomalous gravity gradients that LISA Pathfinder should be exposed to, based on MONDian effects as derived from the Tensor-Vector-Scalar (TeVeS) theory. The spacecraft speed and spatial scale of the MOND signal combine in a way that the spectral signature of the signal falls precisely into LISA Pathfinder’s measurement bandwidth. We find that if the gravity gradiometer on-board the spacecraft achieves its currently predicted sensitivity, these anomalous gradients could not just be detected, but measured in some detail.     

三向测量技术在深空探测中的应用研究

较详细地介绍了三向测量技术（包括三向测距和三向测速）,阐述使用三向测量的工程背景和重要意义,给出利用三向测量数据进行实时定位的数学推导,并分别对三向测距和三向测速原始数据的误差进行了分析;最后给出在＂嫦娥一号＂试验轨道段采用三向测量技术得到的残差分析结果。结果表明,在未进行站间时间同步的情况下,＂嫦娥一号＂卫星100km×100km环月轨道段三向测距误差约200m,三向测速误差约2cm/s,利用三向测量数据可以单独进行轨道确定,验证了我国后续深空探测中应用三向测量技术的可行性。     

基于退化失效与突发失效竞争的导弹剩余寿命预测

为了提高导弹剩余寿命预测结果的准确性,本文综合利用导弹的性能退化数据和突发失效时间数据,提出了基于退化失效和突发失效竞争的剩余寿命预测方法。在引入状态空间模型评估出整弹退化程度的基础上,采用Gamma过程建立退化失效模型;在假定突发失效概率与整弹性能退化程度相关的前提下,采用Weibull分布建立突发失效模型;进而建立退化失效与突发失效竞争模式下的导弹可靠度模型。案例应用证明了所提方法的有效性,对准确预测导弹剩余寿命,有效开展视情维修具有一定的工程价值。     

轻型刚性陶瓷填充材料性能表征及其空间环境效应试验研究

轻型刚性陶瓷因其稳定的介电常数和良好的耐压性能,已经作为填充材料应用于航天器器件中。文章对介质陶瓷材料的结构、组织形貌、力学性能和微波介电性能开展了系统研究,探讨了结构的各向异性对力学性能和电性能的影响。重点对介质陶瓷的空间环境效应开展研究,试验结果发现其具有低的真空出气总质损和可凝挥发物含量,以及一定的空间总剂量辐照耐受能力。陶瓷经历湿热处理后,结构强度出现了一定程度的下降,分析发现是由陶瓷内部含有的少量B_2O_3黏结剂吸水生成硼酸导致。