直升机外挂吊运技术研究

直升机外部吊挂运送物资在国防和国民经济建设中有极为广泛的用途。本文以直8A型机和米171直升机为例，对直升机外挂吊运的飞行性能计算、全机稳定性、吊具系统的设计、飞行员和指挥员、信号员和索具员如何协调等问题进行了研究分析，为今后执行外挂吊运任务的设计和实施，提供了有价值的建议。     

刷式密封性能和耐久性试验研究

试验研究是在模拟发动机工作条件下,获取刷式密封在各个工作阶段的性能并验证其耐久性和结构完整性。340h的性能和耐久试验的结果表明,发生在0～50h试验期间内,特别是在0～10h期间内的刷丝与涂层磨损导致密封特性下降,50h后,磨损量变小,密封特性基本保持稳定,并明显优于篦齿密封。刷式密封的结构完整性良好。     

潜射导弹级间段密封圈动态密封性能模拟试验方法

根据潜射导弹级间段密封圈在出水过程中的动态变形参数设计了一套模拟试验件和加载、加水及测量装置,采用摆锤冲击加载方式和裂纹动态张开位移测量方法再现了密封圈在导弹出水过程中的使用条件,证明密封圈在规定的开缝宽度、开缝时间和弹体内外压差的使用环境下能够保证防水和密封效果。利用两自由度冲击响应模型分析了试验的动响应曲线,给出了试验系统模态参数的识别结果。     

Effect of protrusion amount on gas ingestion of radial rim seal

In this paper, the effect of different amount of protrusion on various parameters in rotor–stator system was experimentally studied by measuring CO₂ concentration and pressure, in order to obtain the optimal protrusion amount. The parameters of different dimensionless sealing flow were measured under the condition that the annulus Reynolds number was 4.39 × 10⁵ and the rotating Reynolds number was 1.05 × 10⁶. The results show that the change of the amount of protrusions has little effect on the static pressure in the cavity, and the static pressure change near the sealing ring is almost negligible. But the total pressure and sealing efficiency increase first and then decrease with the increase of the amount of protrusion. The variation of power consumption is the same. A complex vortex structure will appear at the high radius region when the protrusion is installed. On the other hand, the protrusion can effectively reduce the minimum sealing flow of the rotor–stator cavity. Furthermore, considering the sealing efficiency and power consumption, the best range of the protrusion amount is about 36. The ratio near this range can optimally balance the alleviation of the gas ingestion and the reduction of the power consumption.     

Flow mechanism between purge flow and mainstream in different turbine rim seal configurations

The rim seal is used to prevent mainstream ingestion to the gap between the vane of a turbine and its blade. In this article, the dolphin lip with a hook configuration and a large seal cavity with hook structures are designed based on the high-pressure turbine datum single shark lip rim seal configuration. The sealing effect and parameters of the flow field are measured by an experiment method and a numerical simulation is used to explain the mechanism. For three configurations, the effect of the leakage slot vortex on the efficiency of the seal and the influence of leakage vortex, generated by the interaction between purge flow and mainstream flow, are discussed in depth. The result shows that the reverse vortex formed by the dolphin lip rim seal with hook structure will increase the sealing efficiency. The seal configuration with a large cavity improves sealing efficiency to a greater extent than the datum structure. At different purge flow rates and with unequal seal structures, the purge flow produces three types of leakage vortices in the passage. Besides, the seal configuration with dolphin lip produces a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at the interface of the purge and the mainstream flows at a low purge flow rate to induce new leakage vortex branches in the passage of the blade.     

航空橡胶密封件力学与密封性能检测技术

介绍了航空橡胶密封件的力学、泄漏、损伤、接触变形等特性的无损检测技术及应用情况。其中,橡胶密封件泄漏压差测量方法,用于获得不同压差下的气体泄漏率;橡胶密封件接触应力超声检测技术,实现了橡胶密封接触应力的准确测量;橡胶密封件损伤与泄漏的红外热成像测试技术,可以得到泄漏点的定位与泄漏量的精确测量;橡胶密封件接触变形数字图像相关技术,获得了织物接触界面变形场与应力场的演化规律等。同时,对航空橡胶密封件的非接触测量技术进行了展望。     

作动筒密封圈断裂分析

某型飞机起落架作动筒发生漏油故障,分解后发现作动筒橡胶密封圈断裂,直接影响了飞行安全。通过对断裂的密封圈断口及表面进行观察和硬度测定,分析密封圈的失效性质及断裂产生的原因,确定了橡胶密封圈失效模式,并提出了纠正措施。     

基于多孔介质模型的指尖密封泄漏流动分析

将指尖密封处理为多孔介质,把压力梯度作为多孔介质动量方程中的源项,根据试验结果确定了源项中的系数,结合指尖密封的结构参数提出了用于指尖密封泄漏的多孔介质模型,利用该模型计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,证明利用该模型模拟指尖密封泄漏是可行的.流场计算结果表明:指尖密封与转子接触部分的孔隙率对泄漏影响比较大,指尖密封的承压部分主要为后挡板内径以下区域.      

减压腔宽度对刷式密封泄漏特性和滞后效应的影响

对减压腔轴向宽度分别为0、04 mm和06 mm的基本型和两种低滞后刷式密封结构进行了静态和动态下压差升降和转子转速升降循环试验,并对其泄漏特性和滞后效应进行了研究。研究结果表明:压差大于02 MPa后,同一压差下的动态泄漏系数比静态降低约14%~20%;低滞后结构的密封性能优于基本型,其泄漏系数最高比基本型降低约20%;静态压差升降循环中,减压腔轴向宽度为06 mm的低滞后结构的滞后效应最强;动态的压差升降循环中,基本型结构的滞后效应最强。转子转速升降循环前后,w为06 mm结构泄漏系数减小约15%,滞后效应最强,减压腔轴向宽度为04 mm结构几乎不存在滞后效应;三种结构中,减压腔轴向宽度为04 mm的结构密封性能最优,滞后效应也最弱。     

Cross-sectional deformation behavior of double-ridged rectangular tube with fillers in different stages of H-typed bending

The bent double-ridged rectangular tube (DRRT) with high forming quality is helpful to improve the microwave transmission accuracy. For reducing the cross-sectional deformation in the H-typed bending process, in addition to using rigid mandrel to support the inside of tube, ridge groove fillers are also added to restrict the deformation of ridge grooves. Because of the change of stress and strain state of bent tube in bending, rigid mandrel retracting and specially twice-springback stages, and the springback of fillers, the cross-sectional deformation of tube in each stage may be different. Therefore, based on the ABAQUS platform, the finite element models (FEM) for H-typed bending, mandrel retracting and twice-springback stages of H96 DRRT with fillers were established and validated. It is found that, for the height and width deformation of tube and spacing deformation of ridge grooves, retraction of mandrel can make the distribution of these deformations more uniform along the bending direction. The first springback can reduce these deformations significantly, which should be emphasized. But the second springback only increases them by less amount, which can be ignored. The smaller height deformation of ridge groove and filler can be neglected.