航天器推进系统管路充填过程动态特性(1)理论模型与仿真结果

研究了航天器推进系统管路充填过程动态模型与计算方法。以一维管道瞬变流理论为基础 ,采用瞬变管流湍流频率相关摩擦损失模型计算管壁摩擦流阻 ,构造了管路分支流阻计算模型 ,考虑了液流撞壁后的蒸汽泡团释出与崩溃现象。数值计算采用特征线方法 ,仿真结果表明计算模型较好地描述了充填过程中的水击和管流振荡现象     

双线圈高速开关阀的水击特性验证

高速开关阀是航天领域动力系统的关键元件,需要具备高频响和高可靠性。然而,高速开关阀的开关特性会使系统产生水击现象,降低系统的可靠性,尤其是在高速开关阀高频切换过程中会产生更多的水击压力波,致使系统中的水击变得更加复杂。因此,采用仿真和实验相结合的方法对不同频率下水击压力脉动的变化进行分析,最终通过对数据时域和频域的分析,发现了高速开关阀的水击压力脉动规律,研究结果可在航天动力系统中应用。     

TBCC发动机涡轮进气道喷水冷却特性数值研究

对涡轮基组合循环(Turbine Based Combined Cycle, TBCC)发动机涡轮进气道进行喷水冷却是解决TBCC发动机推力不连续问题的有效方式之一。本文基于实际流场条件选取某型TBCC发动机涡轮进气道结构,对进气道内喷水冷却特性进行了数值仿真,研究飞行器不同工况下水滴的蒸发特性及喷水对来流高温空气的预冷效果。结果表明,来流空气温度降幅随水气比提高而增大,最高温降可达152.4K。水气比提高后水滴蒸发率逐渐降低,但蒸发总量仍会继续上升。相同水气比条件下,飞行马赫数越高,喷水冷却效果越明显。在Ma3.5飞行速度和水气比0.03条件下有最高蒸发率,达83.05%。喷水冷却有效扩展了涡轮模态飞行马赫数,最高能使飞行速度提升至Ma2.84,即喷水冷却扩展了TBCC从涡轮模态向超燃冲压模态转换的衔接速域。     

海流对出水空泡演化过程影响机理数值研究

采用数值仿真手段,重点针对海流对空泡演化过程的影响开展研究,形成考虑海流影响的空泡多相流理论与数值计算方法,分析了海流流向及流速影响,获得了海流对空泡发展演化的作用机制及对航行体流体动力特征的影响规律。研究结果表明:航向海流对溃灭阶段的空泡形态变化影响较为明显,不同海流工况下,泡内水、气分布有所不同,高压产生次序及溃灭过程的流动结构变化也因此不同。横向海流作用下的空泡形态差别不大,受到合成来流方向发生偏转的影响,迎流面向横向来流方向偏斜,造成空泡形状不对称。     

Application of satellite observations to study the changes of hypoxic conditions in near-bottom water in the western part of Peter the Great Bay (the Sea of Japan)

In this paper we explore the possibilities of applying satellite ocean colour (OC) observations and SST to study the changes in the conditions of hypoxia in the near-bottom water in the western part of Peter the Great Bay. Near-bottom water hypoxia occurs in water bodies with increased organic matter influx when the dissolved oxygen (DO) consumed at its oxidation is not restored. Consumption of most DO is usually attributed to the oxidation of organic matter formed as a result of increased algae growth during water eutrophication. Satellite data on indicators of phytoplankton (chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl) and fluorescence (FLH)) allow to analyze the spatial-temporal changes of this substation. Coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM), non-algal particles (NAP) influence on satellite Chl estimates and also on near-bottom water hypoxia formation. This study analyzes daily, seasonal, and inter-annual changes in the distributions of indicators (Chl, FLH, the coefficients of light absorption by coloured detrital matter (a_CDM) and light backscattering by suspended particles (b_bp)), based on the instant satellite OC data from MODIS-Aqua. Data on the Chl, the sea surface temperature (SST) from the MODIS-Aqua, the precipitation from the TRMM satellite and the hydrometeorological stations (HMSs), the wind speed and direction from HMS “Vladivostok” are used to study the influence of hydrometeorological conditions on the Chl values. These distributions were compared with the literary information based on field observations of the hypoxia cases in the same area and with the changes in the vertical DO, Chl, temperature, salinity distribution obtained by coastal expeditions in October-November 2010 and February-March 2011. Significant interrelations within 95% confidence level between the satellite Chl, FLH values calculated at the MUMM atmospheric correction and in situ Chl values obtained in the autumn of 2010 were reached separately for the cases with winds of northern and southern directions with the correlation coefficients of 0.71, 0.48 and 0.49, 0.71, respectively. Significant dependences of Chl on SST and Chl on wind speed explained by the influence of continental runoff and water ventilation were obtained. Therefore, the changes of Chl reflect the changes of hypoxic conditions in the near-bottom water. In Amursky Bay the onset of hypoxia was at the Chl and SST values equal to 4 mg m^?3 and 13 °C (↑ – at increasing SST); near Furugelm Island it was at 1.6 mg m^?3 and 25 °C (↑), 1 mg m^?3 and 21 °C (↓). The difference in the Chl values was reflected in the hypoxia onset timings that were the beginning of June (2011), August (2013), and September (2014), respectively. The water flow from the eastern coast of Amursky Bay in early August of 2013 recorded from the OC and SST satellite imagers appeared in an additional hypoxic zone. Decreased OC characteristics in the runoff of the Razdolnaya River in August-September of 2014 were a sign of hypoxia at its mouth. Near Furugelm Island the hypoxia destruction (increase in the DO level from 1 to 4.5 ml L^?1) was observed at the Chl of 0.9 mg m^?3 and SST = 18 °C (↓). At the autumn maximum of Chl equal to 1.7 mg m^?3 and SST = 4 °C (↓) in mid-November the DO level here increased to 8 ml L^?1. In Amursky Bay, short-term destructions/weakening of hypoxia manifested themselves in sharp increases of Chl. At that, the ratio between the Chl value and the approximation level was equal to 2 and higher for SST equal to 22–25 °C (↑), to 0.9 and higher for SST equal to 5–13 °C (↓). With the water stratification destruction in temperature and the noticeable weakening of the stratification in salinity (mid-November), the hypoxia destructed (the DO level increased from 2 to 6 ml L^?1). In this case, Chl and SST were about 3 mg m^?3 and 5 °C (↓).     

Novel method for reconstruction of hyperspectral resolution images from multispectral data for complex coastal and inland waters

Hyperspectral resolution image products of a synthetic sensor featuring the high spatial resolution of the space-borne sensor can offer cost-effective means for enhancing our current capabilities in terms of providing an array of images in lieu of designing an expensive system for image acquisition, which can serve the expanding needs of the scientific and user communities for various critical water color applications. Despite several studies on enhancing the capability of land remote sensing sensors, full spectrum reconstruction of water color images with varying spectral bands is hampered by the lack of methods and accurate atmospheric correction procedures. In the present work, a novel method is developed for reconstruction of hyperspectral resolution images from high spatial-resolution Sentinel 2 Multispectral Instrument (MSI) data representative of many complex waters in coastal and inland zones. This method uses a deep neural network (DNN) with multiple blocks of deconvolution and dense layers. The spectral reconstruction of hyperspectral resolution images from multispectral data was based on rigorous training data from the atmospherically-corrected and validated HICO normalized water-leaving radiance products (with spectral resolution 438-868 nm sampled at 5.7 nm) of diverse water types. The generalizability and versatility of the DNN method was tested and evaluated systematically by means of various qualitative and quantitative analyses using concurrent space-borne (MSI and HICO) and in-situ measurements from different regional waters. Reconstructed hyperspectral resolution radiances obtained from the MSI images closely matched with independent HICO and MSI measurements within the desired accuracy. Successful reconstruction and validation of the hyperspectral radiances indicate that the proposed state-of-the-art method provides possible future directions for enhancing our current capabilities of space-borne sensors for various research purposes and societal applications at local, regional and global scales.     

3D打印技术在水冷板加工中的应用研究

目前,3D打印技术在各行业得到了广泛的应用,探讨和研究3D打印技术在空空导弹中的应用具有重要的意义.简要介绍了3D打印技术概念、原理和材料,重点介绍了水冷板进行3D打印加工过程,打印成功的水冷板通过检验、加工、装配,满足结构设计要求.3D打印能够缩短水冷板加工周期,降低加工成本.     

Signatures of the Sudden Stratospheric Warming events of January–February 2008 in Seoul,S. Korea

The period January–February 2008 was characterized by four Sudden Stratospheric Warmings (SSWs) in the Northern Hemisphere, of which the last warming, at the end of February 2008, was a major warming. A significant decrease in mesospheric water vapour (H₂O) of more than 2 ppmv (∼40%) was observed by the ground-based microwave (GBMW) radiometer in Seoul, S. Korea [37.3°N, 126.3°E] during the major SSW. A comparison with ground-based mesospheric H₂O observations from the mid-latitude station in Bern [46.9°N, 7°E] revealed an anticorrelation in the mesospheric H₂O data during the major SSW. In addition, prior to the major warming, strong periodic fluctuations were recorded in the Aura MLS vertical temperature distribution between 15 and 0.05 hPa at Seoul. The mesospheric temperature oscillation was found to have a period of ∼10–14 days with a persistency of 3–4 cycles.     

水冷温度对TC4钛合金组织演变的影响

水冷温度影响TC4钛合金的组织形态与力学性能的变化.TC4钛合金固溶后缓慢冷却到3种不同温度.水冷后组织形态与力学性能的变化结果表明:当由900℃开始水冷时,α相在晶界形核,原始的β晶粒出现;当温度继续降低达700℃然后再水冷时,析出α相相对均匀细小,试样抗拉强度和硬度分别达到了最高值867MPa和HV5218;随着冷却温度的继续下降,β相逐渐析出α相,水冷温度越低,α相呈现为粗大的片层状,试样强度和硬度降低.     

Development of a GNSS water vapour tomography system using algebraic reconstruction techniques

A GNSS water vapour tomography system developed to reconstruct spatially resolved humidity fields in the troposphere is described. The tomography system was designed to process the slant path delays of about 270 German GNSS stations in near real-time with a temporal resolution of 30 min, a horizontal resolution of 40 km and a vertical resolution of 500 m or better. After a short introduction to the GPS slant delay processing the framework of the GNSS tomography is described in detail. Different implementations of the iterative algebraic reconstruction techniques (ART) used to invert the linear inverse problem are discussed. It was found that the multiplicative techniques (MART) provide the best results with least processing time, i.e., a tomographic reconstruction of about 26,000 slant delays on a 8280 cell grid can be obtained in less than 10 min. Different iterative reconstruction techniques are compared with respect to their convergence behaviour and some numerical parameters. The inversion can be considerably stabilized by using additional non-GNSS observations and implementing various constraints. Different strategies for initialising the tomography and utilizing extra information are discussed. At last an example of a reconstructed field of the wet refractivity is presented and compared to the corresponding distribution of the integrated water vapour, an analysis of a numerical weather model (COSMO-DE) and some radiosonde profiles.